2012—2022年重庆市居民膳食镉暴露水平及其健康风险评估  

Dietary cadmium exposure and associated health risks among residents of Chongqing city from 2012 to 2022:surveillance and survey data analysis

作　　者：李旻涛 陈佳辉 刘怡佳 陈京蓉[2] 冯萍 覃梅[2] 程莉[2] 唐晓琴[2] 龙诚[2] 吴艾琳 霍娇 练雪梅[1] LI Mintao;CHEN Jiahui;LIU Yijia;CHEN Jingrong;FENG Ping;QIN Mei;CHENG Li;TANG Xiaoqin;LONG Cheng;WU Ailin;HUO Jiao;LIAN Xuemei(College of Public Health,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016,China;Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing 400042,China;Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital,Chengdu 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学公共卫生学院,重庆400016 [2]重庆市疾病预防控制中心,重庆400042 [3]四川省人民医院,成都610000

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2025年第2期217-222,共6页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2022M710549);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0479);重庆市博士后特别资助项目(2022CQBSHTB2065);重庆市首批公共卫生重点学科(专科)。

摘　　要：目的分析2012—2022年重庆市居民膳食镉暴露水平及其可能的健康风险,为该地区的食品安全决策提供理论依据。方法收集重庆市食品安全风险监测系统2012—2022年化学污染物监测数据中大米及其制品、小麦及其制品、其他谷物及其制品、叶菜类蔬菜、块根和块茎类蔬菜、豆类蔬菜、其他新鲜蔬菜、禽肉、畜肉、水果、蛋及其制品11类共9219份食品样品的镉含量监测数据,结合2011—2018年中国健康与营养调查项目膳食重庆市调查数据,采用蒙特卡罗模拟法估计重庆市居民在2012—2014年、2015—2018年和2019—2022年3个时间段中膳食镉暴露水平,并评估其健康风险。结果重庆市2012—2022年11类9219份食品样本中,共检出5143份含镉样本,镉的总检出率为55.79%,总检出水平为0.0156~0.0247 mg/kg。2012—2014年、2015—2018年、2019—2022年3个时间段重庆市居民的膳食镉平均暴露水平分别为12.69、13.47、11.19μg/kg bw/month(MB)和12.87、13.62、12.42μg/kg bw/month(UB),均低于食品添加剂联合专家委员会提出的暂定每月可耐受摄入量(PTMI)的25μg/kg bw/month;2012—2014年、2015—2018年、2019—2022年3个时间段高暴露水平人群(P95)的膳食镉平均暴露水平分别为40.53、39.42、34.53μg/kg bw/month(MB)和40.47、38.43、36.63μg/kg bw/month(UB),分别为PTMI的1.62、1.58、1.38倍。大米及其制品在不同时间段中均为膳食镉暴露风险的主要来源,2012—2014年、2015—2018年、2019—2022年的贡献率分别为52.45%(MB)和51.87%(UB)、65.42%(MB)和62.13%(UB)、47.54%(MB)和42.88%(UB);其次是叶菜类蔬菜,2012—2014年、2015—2018年、2019—2022年的贡献率分别为23.86%(MB)和23.39%(UB)、15.12%(MB)和14.21%(UB)、29.98%(MB)和37.12%(UB)。结论2012—2022年重庆市居民镉暴露水平较低,引起健康风险可能性不大,但高暴露水平人群可能通过膳食镉暴露引起一定健康风险,大米及其制品和叶菜类蔬菜均�Objective To analyze the levels and potential health risks of dietary cadmium exposure among residents of Chongqing city from 2012 to 2022,and to provide a basis for regional decision-making on food safety.Methods The detection data from 2012 to 2022 on cadmium concentrations of 9219 samples from 11 food categories,including rice and rice products,wheat and wheat products,other grains and grain products,leafy vegetables,root and tuber vegetables,legumes,other fresh vegetables,poultry,livestock,fruits,and eggs and egg products,were collected from the Chongqing Food Safety Risk Monitoring System.The cadmium content in food samples was detected by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy according to the national standard(GB 5009.15-2014)and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry according to(GB 5009.268-2016).The limit of detection(LOD)for different food types ranged from 0.0001to 0.01 mg/kg,and the left-censored results were replaced by the middle bound(MB)and upper bound(UB)detections.Dietary survey data from 3354 residents in 6 districts/counties of Chongqing city were also extracted from the three waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in 2011,2015,and 2018.A Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate dietary cadmium exposure levels for Chongqing residents during three time periods:2012-2014,2015-2018,and 2019-2022.The health risks associated with these exposure levels were then assessed.Results Cadmium was detected in 5143(55.79%)of all samples at levels ranging from 0.0156 to 0.0247 mg/kg.For Chongqing residents during 2012-2014,2015-2018,and 2019-2022,the estimated mean dietary cadmium intake(μg/kg bw/month)was12.69,13.47,and 11.19 with MB substitutions for the left-censored food sample measurements used in the estimates and12.87,13.62,and 12.42(with UB)substitutions for the left-censored food sample measurements used in the estimates,respectively.All these values were below the provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI)of 25μg/kg bw/month established by the Joint FAO/WHO Ex

关 键 词：镉 膳食暴露 概率评估 时间趋势 

分 类 号：R15[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]