西藏自治区认知障碍疾病知晓度调查及影响因素分析  

Cognitive Disorders Awareness and Associated Risk Factors in Xizang Autonomous Region

作　　者：郝渝[1] 王俊山 卓玛[1] 索朗曲珍[1] 季士勇 胡亚雄 丁志杰[1] 次旦卓嘎[1] 袁晶[2] 赵玉华[1] HAO Yu;WANG Junshan;ZHUO Ma;SUOLANG Quzhen;JI Shiyong;HU Yaxiong;DING Zhijie;CIDAN Zhuoga;YUAN Jing;ZHAO Yuhua(Department of Neurology,People's Hospital of Xizang Autonomous Region,Lhasa 850000,China;Department of Neurology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区人民医院神经内科,拉萨850000 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医院神经科,北京100730

出　　处：《协和医学杂志》2025年第2期472-478,共7页Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital

基　　金：西藏自治区自然科学基金组团式援藏医学项目[XZ2024ZR-ZY022(Z)]。

摘　　要：目的调查西藏自治区居民对认知障碍疾病的知晓度及其影响因素,从而为针对性开展防治工作提供依据。方法2024年4—12月对西藏自治区年龄≥18岁的常住居民(在西藏自治区居住180 d及以上)开展问卷调查(线上问卷调查为主,辅以医务人员在社区义诊时发放问卷二维码)。收集被调查者人口学信息及关于认知障碍疾病知晓度的相关资料,并采用有序Logistic回归模型分析总体人群/按职业分层后认知障碍疾病知晓度的影响因素。结果共收集问卷327份,剔除14份(被调查者未达西藏自治区居住时间13份,自我报告曾被诊断为认知障碍1份),最终纳入313份有效问卷。被调查者平均年龄(42.0±11.9)岁;男性108人(34.5%),女性205人(65.5%);主要来自拉萨市(78.6%,246/313);医务工作者179人(57.2%),非医务工作者134人(42.8%)。在认知障碍疾病知晓度方面,“不知晓”“部分知晓”“知晓良好”者分别占比7.3%(23/313)、75.7%(237/313)、16.9%(53/313)。有序Logistic回归模型显示,受教育程度为高中及以下(OR=2.82,95%CI:1.18~6.75,P=0.020)、非医务工作者(OR=4.03,95%CI:2.00~8.14,P<0.001)、未接触过认知障碍患者(OR=2.95,95%CI:1.64~5.32,P<0.001)与较低的疾病知晓度相关。按职业分层进行亚组分析显示,受教育程度为高中及以下(OR=3.00,95%CI:1.10~8.15,P=0.031)、未接触过认知障碍患者(OR=3.13,95%CI:1.14~8.60,P=0.027)与非医务工作者较低的疾病知晓度相关;未接触过认知障碍患者(OR=3.40,95%CI:1.61~7.20,P=0.001)与医务工作者较低的疾病知晓度相关。结论西藏自治区居民对认知障碍疾病的知晓度有待提升,文化水平、职业、既往是否接触过认知障碍患者可影响居民的疾病知晓度。提升整体教育水平,通过展示生动案例的临床表现有助于提高公众对认知障碍疾病的知晓度,是健康教育及科普宣传的重点。Objective To investigate the awareness of cognitive impairment disorders among residents of the Xizang Autonomous Region and its influencing factors,thereby providing a basis for targeted prevention and treatment efforts.Methods From April to December 2024,a questionnaire survey was conducted among per⁃manent residents aged≥18 years(residing in the Xizang Autonomous Region for 180 days or more).The sur⁃vey was primarily conducted online,supplemented by QR code distribution during community medical outreach by healthcare workers.Demographic information and data on awareness of cognitive disorders were collected,and an ordered Logistic regression model was used to analyze influencing factors in the overall population and stratified by occupation.Results A total of 327 questionnaires were collected,with 14 excluded(13 for not meeting residency requirements and 1 for self⁃reported diagnosis of cognitive impairment),leaving 313 valid questionnaires.The average age of respondents was 42.0±11.9 years;108(34.5%)were male,and 205(65.5%)were female.Most respondents were from Lhasa(78.6%,246/313);179(57.2%)were health⁃care workers,and 134(42.8%)were non⁃healthcare workers.Regarding awareness of cognitive impairment disorders,7.3%(23/313)were“unaware”,75.7%(237/313)were“partially aware”,and 16.9%(53/313)were“well aware”.Ordered Logistic regression analysis revealed that education level of high school or below(OR=2.82,95%CI:1.18-6.75,P=0.020),non⁃healthcare workers(OR=4.03,95%CI:2.00-8.14,P<0.001),and no prior contact with cognitive impairment patients(OR=2.95,95%CI:1.64-5.32,P<0.001)were associated with lower disease awareness.Subgroup analysis stratified by occupation showed that education level of high school or below(OR=3.00,95%CI:1.10-8.15,P=0.031)and no prior contact with cognitive impairment patients(OR=3.13,95%CI:1.14-8.60,P=0.027)were associated with lower awareness among non⁃healthcare workers,while no prior contact with cognitive impairment patients(OR=3.40,95%CI:1.61-7.20,P=0.001)was a

关 键 词：认知障碍 阿尔茨海默病 知晓度 西藏 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] R743[医药卫生—临床医学]