文法实践、符号层累与记忆重构——新文化史视域下古代文章虚字观念的动态张力  

Grammatical Practice,Symbolic Stratification,and Memory Reconstruction:The Dynamic Tension of Function Word Concepts in Ancient Texts from a New Cultural History Perspective

作　　者：余祖坤[1,2] Yu Zukun

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学文学院 [2]湖北文学理论与批评研究中心,武汉430079

出　　处：《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期102-113,234,共13页Journal of Sichuan University:Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“清代别集所附古文评点研究”(20BZW119)。

摘　　要：古代文章虚字不只为精英阶层所关注和讨论,更广泛渗透到各阶层读书人的日常生活。在新文化史视角下重审古代文章虚字观念,可以看出,虚字不仅是文章结构、声调与情感表达的核心工具,更通过日常教育、科场规则和集体实践,演化为具有象征性的文化符号,形塑了社会各阶层的共同记忆。明清科举通过虚字规范实现思想规训,近代文化转型中虚字成为新旧文化博弈的焦点。虚字观念的绵延与变异,体现了历史记忆的重构性与符号意义的动态性,映射出中国社会文化转型中的张力与调适。虚字由此超越文法范畴,成为透视传统与现代、精英与大众、守成与变革之辩证关系的文化棱镜。通过对古代文章虚字观念的新文化史观照,还可以获得一个重要启示:当代文化建构既需重视精英话语的引领作用,亦需激发公共常识的实践动力。In ancient Chinese literary theory,particular emphasis is placed on the individual originality of elite literati,while simultaneously underscoring the necessity of daily,practical cultivation in foundational disciplines required of all scholars.The former has long garnered scholarly attention,yielding a substantial body of research,whereas the latter—a collective,quotidian concept—has been inadvertently or deliberately marginalized.Taking the function words in classical prose as an example,their significance extends beyond the exclusive purview of the elite;rather,they permeate the daily intellectual lives of literati across social strata,engendering a rich and nuanced collective ideology.Re-examining the conception of function words through the lens of New Cultural History reveals that function words not only served as essential tools for constructing textual logic,rhythm,and emotional resonance,but also,through their integration into traditional education,the imperial examination system,and popular reading practices,became pivotal vehicles for shaping collective cultural memory.In traditional literary pedagogy,the study of function words was regarded as foundational to reading and writing,with their flexibility and complexity sparking widespread engagement from elementary education to elite literary creation.The imperial examination system reinforced ideological discipline by standardizing their usage,reflecting the manipulation of linguistic forms by power discourses.Meanwhile,critiques and debates over function words from the perspective of reading history demonstrate the dynamic,pluralistic interpretations of texts by readers across eras and social classes,driving the continuous reproduction of knowledge about function words in critical practice.As cultural symbols,classical function words accrued layered meanings through historical sedimentation:during the Ming and Qing dynasties,their codification in examinations served as a mechanism of ideological control,while in the modern cultural transformation,t

关 键 词：虚字 新文化史 文章写作 集体文学观念 文化符号 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]