高教育绩效国家的教师工作时间探析:现状、监管举措和启示  

An Analysis of Teacher Working Hours in High Performing Education Systems:Current Status,Regulatory Measures,and Implications

作　　者：杜屏[1] 何茜 DU Ping;HE Qian(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2025年第2期80-97,共18页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金(教育学)项目“北京市中小学教师工作时间、工资与职业认同感的关系研究”(项目编号:19JDJYB005)。

摘　　要：教师工作时间投入问题具有高度复杂性,过长可能有损于教师职业满意度,但过短则可能无法取得预期产出。基于TALIS2018和PISA2018数据,在国家层面探讨教师工作时间与教育绩效的关系,发现“高教育绩效—低时间投入”理想模式具备现实可行性。分析比较高教育绩效国家教师工作时间现状,发现教师工时过长主要源自过量非教学性和非发展性事务。高绩效国家对教师工作时间采取的监管措施主要表现在:开展精准动态监测;通过完善法律规定、引入弹性工作制度和明确教师职能范畴,降低对教师工作时间的要求;通过增加辅助人员、提供高质量专业发展机会、引入先进教育技术,增进时间使用效率的资源保障。借鉴国际经验和对照我国现实情况,实现我国教师工作时间的“减负增效”需从加强监测、完善法规要求和增加保障性资源投入三方面入手。The issue of teacher working hours is highly complex;excessive hours may harm teachers'job satisfaction,while insufficient hours may fail to achieve the desired outcomes.Based on data from TALIS2018 and PISA2018,this study explores the relationship between teachers'work time and educational performance at the national level and finds that the"high educational performance—low time investment"ideal model is practically feasible.By comparing the current status of teachers'work time in high educational performance countries,it is discovered that excessive working hours primarily result from excessive involvement in non-teaching and non-developmental tasks.High-performing countries generally actively regulate teacher working hours:first,by conducting precise and dynamic monitoring to understand the current state of teachers'working hours;second,by improving legal regulations and introducing flexible working systems to reduce the demands on teachers'working hours;third,by enhancing resource support to improve the efficiency of time use through increasing auxiliary staff,providing high-quality professional development opportunities,and establishing resource-sharing platforms.Drawing on international experiences and considering the current situation in China,achieving"reduced workload and increased efficiency"for Chinese teachers similarly requires efforts in enhancing monitoring,refining legal requirements,and increasing resource support.

关 键 词：高教育绩效国家 教师工作时间 教师减负 

分 类 号：G642.42[文化科学—高等教育学]