如何开展对集团化办学的督导——来自欧洲学校合作网络多中心督导模式的启示  

How to Conduct Inspection of Collectivized School Running:Lessons from European Polycentric Inspection Model of School Networks

作　　者：陶媛 魏峰 TAO Yuan;WEI Feng(School of Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2025年第2期117-128,共12页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：2023年度国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“中国特色教育政策学体系本土化构建研究”(项目编号:BFA230086)。

摘　　要：集团化办学是实现教育优质均衡发展的重要手段,对集团化办学的督导是问责和改进集团化办学质量的重要机制。长期以来,在政府主导下采用规范性标准对单体学校质量进行自上而下的督导,难以适应集团化办学的要求。欧洲国家在学校合作网络盛行的背景下,探索了各具特色的多中心督导实践策略,创生了学校合作网络的多中心督导模式,其主要特征和优势表现为:以合作网络为督导对象,拓展单体学校督导的边界;采用参与式的督导手段,突破自上而下的等级控制;进行目标游离的督导判断,超越规范化的督导框架。集团化办学与学校合作网络具有内在一致性,本质上都是由共同理念引领、受到一定契约关系约束的具有规模效应的学校间合作关系。借鉴学校合作网络的多中心督导模式,我国在开展集团化办学督导时,需要聚焦集团办学整体效能,协调与单体学校督导的关系;尊重集团化办学愿景,因地制宜开展教育督导;从重“督”转向重“导”,以集团化办学质量提升为根本目的。Collectivized school running is an important means of achieving high-quality and balanced development of education.Education inspection is an important mechanism for the accountability and improvement of the quality of collectivized school running in China.It has long been dominated by governments with top-down inspection of single schools'quality using normative standards,which is difficult to accommodate to the requirements of collectivized school running.In the context of the prevalence of school networks,European Countries have explored distinctive polycentric inspection strategies for school networks and created a polycentric inspection model.Its main characteristics and strengths are:inspecting school networks as a whole to expand the scope of single school inspections;adopting participative inspection approaches to break through top-down hierarchical control;and making goal-free inspection judgements to exceed standardized inspection frameworks.The collectivized school running and school network have an inherent coherence,the essence of which lies in the collaborative relationships between scalable schools guided by a common philosophy and constrained by specific contracts.In view of the polycentric inspection model for school networks,in collectivized school running inspection,China needs to focus on collectivized effectiveness and coordinate its relationship with single school inspection;respect school collectivized vision and conduct localized education inspection;and shift from focusing on supervision to focusing on guidance for the fundamental purpose of collectivized improvement.

关 键 词：教育督导 集团化办学 学校合作网络 多中心督导 

分 类 号：G462[文化科学—教育学] G5[文化科学—教育技术学]