温室精旋火焰土壤消毒起垄一体机设计与试验  

Design and test of greenhouse fine spiral flame soil disinfection and ridge forming machine

作　　者：邱威[1] 刘颖 刘前锋 郝熠瑶 陈骏 雷任雄 汪小旵[1] QIU Wei;LIU Ying;LIU Qianfeng;HAO Yiyao;CHEN Jun;LEI Renxiong;WANG Xiaochan(College of Engineering,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210031,China;Jiangsu Province Modern Agricultural Equipment Science and Technology Demonstration Center,Nanjing 210017,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,南京210031 [2]江苏省现代农业装备科技示范中心,南京210017

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2025年第5期1-10,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：江苏省农业自主创新基金项目(CX(21)2006);江苏省现代农机装备与技术示范推广项目(NJ2023-43)。

摘　　要：针对温室大棚长期重茬导致的土传病害加重问题及设施作业需求,该研究采用“直刀破碎-刮板抛土-火焰消杀-起垄成型”的一体化作业工艺,设计了一款精旋火焰土壤消毒起垄一体机,主要部件包括旋耕碎土装置、起垄装置、火焰消毒装置、电子打火装置等。分析刀片分布、数量,抛土量及热载荷需求,确定旋耕碎土、起垄、火焰消毒结构与关键参数,以满足旋耕、消毒与起垄一体化作业需求。田间试验结果表明,影响杀虫灭菌率因素的主次顺序为:机具行走速度、刀轴转速、耕作深度;当刀轴转速为270 r/min、机具行走速度为0.63 m/s、耕作深度为22 cm时,土壤温度可达50~70℃,垄形合格率为95.2%,杀虫灭菌率为82.9%,满足成垄要求,能够杀死土壤中绝大部分虫卵和细菌。最后分析了机具作业成本和CO_(2)排放问题,其中作业成本为4543元/hm^(2),CO_(2)排放量为1341 kg/hm^(2)。研究结果可为火焰土壤消毒装备研发与优化提供借鉴。Facility operation is often required to alleviate the soil-borne diseases that are caused by the long-term heavy stubble in greenhouses.Particularly,the planting pattern is mostly highly intensive in Chinese greenhouses at present.The long-term heavy stubble has led to a low nutrient balance in the soil.The pathogenic bacteria and insect eggs can continue to multiply and expand,thus infecting the roots and stems during crop reduction.Therefore,it is very urgent to consider soil flame disinfection.It is expected to integrate the disinfection,fine deep tillage,and ridge forming,in order to avoid the repeated operation of machinery.In this study,an integrated operation of"straight blade crushing-scraper throwing-flame disinfection–ridge forming"was adopted in the facility greenhouse.The optimal combination of operation parameters was also clarified to improve the quality of operation.A soil disinfection and ridge-forming machine was designed using a fine rotary flame.The main components included rotary tillage and soil crushing,ridge forming,flame disinfection,and electronic lighter devices.In the rotary tillage and soil crushing device,the blade roller of soil crushing was mainly composed of straight blades and scrapers arranged on the blade shaft,according to the spiral line.The major component was utilized to facilitate into the soil.The soil fragmentation rate and the efficiency of rotary tillage were also compared with the conventional rotary tillage blade roller using simulation.The results showed that the better performance of soil crushing blade roller was achieved during soil crushing and throwing,compared with the conventional one.There was an increase in the total number of soil fracture bonds caused by the soil-crushing blade roller.The better performance of flame disinfection was also obtained to optimize the parameters of the machine.Meanwhile,the heat demand for the soil disinfection was 958.23 kJ per second,and the heat supply of the machine was 978.72 kJ per second,which was greater than the heat

关 键 词：旋耕 正交试验 土壤消毒 起垄 土壤热量传导 

分 类 号：S222.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]