有效态重金属在土壤与作物系统中迁移运转及安全阈值研究  

Research on Migration and Safety Threshold of Available Heavy Metals in Soil and Crop Systems

作　　者：路港滨 俄胜哲 袁金华[2] 张鹏[1] 刘雅娜[1] 赵晓龙 LU Gangbin;E Shengzhe;YUAN Jinhua;ZHANG Peng;LIU Yana;ZHAO Xiaolong(College of Resources and Environment,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Save Water Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,兰州730070

出　　处：《农学学报》2025年第3期24-35,共12页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：甘肃省农业科学院重点研发项目“甘肃主要土类理想土壤肥力定向培育关键技术研究”(2022GAAS39);国家重点研发计划项目“河西走廊小麦玉米安全生产技术标准研究”(2017YFD0801103)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在确定土壤中重金属的安全阈值,以保障中国农产品质量安全。通过分析甘肃省金昌、张掖和白银市玉米和小麦不同器官对5种重金属Cr、Cd、Pb、As和Hg的富集转运特点,并探讨作物籽粒重金属与土壤有效态重金属含量间的关系,从而确定土壤与作物系统中有效态重金属的安全阈值。本研究参考物种敏感性分布法(SSD)的方法和原理,基于Logistic函数分布模型的累积概率分布曲线推导土壤与玉米和小麦种植系统中土壤有效态重金属安全阈值。研究结果表明,小麦植株中Cr、Cd、Pb、As和Hg的富集规律一致:根>茎>籽粒,同样玉米植株中Cr、Pb、As和Hg的富集规律为根>茎>籽粒,而Cd的富集规律为茎>根>籽粒。利用Logistic函数分布模型拟合基于有效态重金属含量的累积概率分布曲线,推导出小麦土壤中Cr、Cd、Pb、As和Hg的有效态安全阈值分别为0.019、0.771、35.294、2.777、0.133 mg/kg;玉米土壤中Cr、Cd、Pb、As和Hg的有效态安全阈值分别为0.296、7.90、52.363、12.462、0.119 mg/kg。本研究结果表明基于累积概率分布曲线法推定重金属有效态含量安全阈值较为科学,为小麦和玉米的安全种植和风险管控提供了科学依据和支撑。Determining the safety threshold of heavy metals in soil is an important measure to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products in China.By studying the accumulation and transportation characteristics of five heavy metals(Cr,Cd,Pb,As,and Hg)in different organs of corn and wheat in the cities of Jinchang,Zhangye and Baiyin in Gansu Province and establishing the relationship between the effective content of Cr,Cd,Pb,As,and Hg in soil and crop grains,this study identified the safety threshold of effective heavy metals in soil for corn and wheat systems.This study employed the method and principles of species sensitivity distribution(SSD)and derived the safety threshold of effective heavy metals in soil for corn and wheat planting systems based on the cumulative probability distribution curve of the Logistic function distribution model.The results showed that the accumulation pattern of Cr,Cd,Pb,As and Hg in wheat plants was consistent,namely,roots>stems>grains,and similarly,the accumulation pattern of Cr,Pb,As and Hg in corn plants was roots>stems>grains,while the accumulation pattern of Cd was stems>roots>grains.Utilizing the Logistic function distribution model to fit the cumulative probability distribution curve based on the effective content of heavy metals,the safety thresholds of effective Cr,Cd,Pb,As and Hg in wheat soil were determined to be 0.019,0.771,35.294,2.777 and 0.133 mg/kg,respectively.Meanwhile,the safety thresholds of effective Cr,Cd,Pb,As and Hg in corn soil were determined to be 0.296,7.90,52.363,12.462 and 0.119 mg/kg,respectively.The results of this study indicate that estimating the safe threshold of effective heavy metal content based on the cumulative probability distribution curve method was scientific,providing a scientific basis and support for the safe planting and risk control of wheat and corn.

关 键 词：小麦 玉米 有效态重金属 安全阈值 土壤重金属 物种敏感性分布法 Logistic函数 累积概率分布曲线 农产品质量安全 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]