桂·菌桂·桂花——《楚辞》咏及的“桂”析疑求是  

Gui,Cassia and Osmanthus:Analyzing the Issues Concerning“Gui(桂)”in Chuci and Seeking the Correct Answers

作　　者：蔡靖泉[1] CAI Jingquan(Institute of Chu Studies,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学楚学研究所,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《云梦学刊》2025年第2期1-9,共9页Journal of Yunmeng

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“楚文化西渐区域的历史发展与文化变迁”(12BZS078)。

摘　　要：《楚辞》咏及的“桂”,即《离骚》咏及的“菌桂”。菌通箘,又称箘簬,是原产于先秦楚地云梦泽中一种竿长节稀、后来成为贡品的佳竹。“菌桂”当是楚人对枝干、皮卷似箘的香木桂树的美称,即汉唐以来俗称的“肉桂”,系樟科樟属植物,故《楚辞章句》注解“桂酒”为“切桂置酒中也”。然自宋明以至现当代,甚多《楚辞》注家将“桂酒”“桂浆”解译为“以桂花酿酒”和“桂花酒”。稽古考实,又名木犀的桂花树,原生于今滇西北、川西南一带的高山岩间,大概因汉武帝修建上林苑而被边臣进献到长安,随后逐渐移植各地,系木犀科木犀属植物。战国楚地尚无桂花树,故楚人也不会酿制或泡制桂花酒,因此《楚辞》咏及的“桂酒”,实为切碎菌桂皮肉浸泡酒中而成的桂香酒。The“gui”(桂)mentioned in Chuci(《楚辞》)is the“jungui”(菌桂)in Lisao(《离骚》).The fungus is a mushroom,also known as bamboo shoots(箘),which is a kind of long,sparse bamboo native to the Yunmengze in the Chu regionin in the pre-Qin period,and which later became a tribute item.The term“jungui”was used by the Chu people to refer to the osmanthus tree that resemble bamboo,commonly known since the Han and Tang dynasties as cassia,a plant of the family Lauraceae,so Chuci Zhangju(楚辞章句)regards that“gui wine”(桂酒)is made by steeping cassia bark or branches in alcohol.However,since the Song and Ming dynasties,many commentators of Chuci have interpreted“gui wine”and“gui liquor”as“making wine with osmanthus”and“osmanthus wine”.The historical evidence shows that osmanthus,native to northwestern Yunnan and southwestern Sichuan were introduced to central China during Emperor Wu of Han's reign because of building the Shanglin Garden.As osmanthus belongs to the family of Oleaceae,genus osmanthus and was absent in pre-Qin Chu culture,the“gui wine”in Chuci could not have been brewed with osmanthus.Instead,it was an“gui”alcohol infused with cassia bark.

关 键 词：屈骚 《楚辞》 桂 菌桂 桂花 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]