农工一体化:福建制糖工业用工策略的实施(1956—1985)  

Agro-Industrial Integration:Implementation of Employment Strategy in Fujian Sugar Industry(1956-1985)

作　　者：徐岚[1] 张侃[1] Xu Lan;Zhang Kan

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史与文化遗产学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2025年第2期52-63,共12页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“海外藏中国糖业资料搜集、整理与研究”(项目号:21&ZD232)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪50—80年代,因制糖工业的行业特殊性、投资与技术的限度以及户籍制度的限定等因素,致使福建的糖厂在榨季出现劳力短缺问题;而长达8个月之久的停榨期又使糖厂固定工出现“在职失业”的现象。劳力短缺与滞存并存是该时期福建制糖工业生产活动中的常态,为了因应这一局面,糖厂、政府、社队三个利益相关方共同协调,在榨季从蔗区社队征调大量社员到糖厂充当季节性临时工;在非榨季糖厂固定工除了设备检修等工作外也会被调配到蔗区社队参加农业生产,即实施了“农工一体化”用工策略。尽管该策略在实施过程中因未完全考虑到实际生产者的利益诉求而出现了部分季节性临时工消极怠工及部分固定工因频繁调岗而有抱怨情绪的现象,但其展现了社会主义国家建设过程中,制度约束下用工方式的灵活性、多样性及复杂性,一定程度上体现了国家制度的韧性。From the 1950s to the 1980s,due to the particularity of the sugar industry,the limitation of investment and technology,and the restriction of household registration system,Fujian mechanical and semi-mechanical sugar refineries had the problem of labor shortage.At the same time,the,the stoppressing period of up to 8 months has caused the problem of“on-the-job unemployment”for regular workers in the sugar factory.The coexistence of labor shortage and stagnation was the norm in the sugar industry production in Fujian during this period.In order to cope with this situation,the sugar factoriey,government,and rural collective community worked together to recruit a large number of members from rural collective community to serve as seasonal temporary workers in the sugar factory during grinding season.At the same time,regular workers in sugar factories were organized to participate in agricultural production in rural collective communities after finished the equipment maintenance,which was implementation of the employment strategy of agro-industrial integration.Although there were the slow down of seasonal temporary workers and complaint of regular workers for their interest were not fully meet,,the implementation of agroindustrial integration revealed the flexibility,diversity and multiplicity of employment strategy in the early stage of socialist industrialization,and reflects the resilience of the national system to a certain extent.

关 键 词：制糖工业 亦工亦农 农工一体化 福建产糖区 

分 类 号：TS2[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]