窠名与分隶:宋朝酒利分配的演变与博弈  

Wine Profit Name and Distribution:The Evolution and the Game of Alcohol Profit Distribution in Song Dynasty

作　　者：徐东升[1] Xu Dongsheng

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史与文化遗产学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2025年第2期80-96,共17页Researches in Chinese Economic History

摘　　要：现存史料共梳理出宋朝酒利窠名50项有余,这些窠名主要通过增添酒价、变更场务出售形式、创建酒库等方式增收酒利而创设,包括正收及其衍生、分化而来的窠名,以及窠名的另称、合称。这些窠名主要出现在买扑场务和官监场务,是随着榷酤制度的演变逐步形成的,分别隶属中央与地方的官府机构。窠名与分隶相辅相成,增加窠名的目的是分隶,分隶则按窠名进行。宋朝酒利分配的演变,从窠名归属看呈现出两个明显趋势:一是在中央财政部门之间表现为由三司独占转向多部门共享,二是在中央与地方之间表现为由地方向中央集中。这既是诸司博弈的结果,又是诸司博弈的重点逐步由窠名归属转向窠名钱落实、窠名钱使用以及窠名之外酒利的重要原因。More than 50 alcohol profit names of Song Dynasty can be found out from the extant historical materials,which were created mainly by increasing the profits of alcohol and included fundamental,derivative,another and collective names.These alcohol profit names mainly appeared in the shops sold by government and the shops managed by government officials,which were gradually formed with the evolution of the monopoly system of alcohol and belonged to the central and local government agencies respectively.The names and the distribution of alcohol profit complemented each other,the purpose of adding the names was distribution,and the distribution was carried out according to the names.By increasing alcohol profits,creating the names and dividing them into government agencies,the evolution of alcohol profit distribution in Song Dynasty showed two clear trends from the perspective of the ownership of the names,one was the change from Sansi(三司)monopoly to multi-sector sharing among central financial departments,and another was the change from local to central concentration between central and local governments,which was not only the result of the game among multiple departments,but also the important reason why the focus of the game had changed from the ownership of the names to the realization of the names money,the use of the names money and the alcohol profits outside the names.

关 键 词：宋朝 酒利 分配 窠名 博弈 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]