头衔获取方式与个人晋升——来自晚清海关的证据  

Sources of Traditional Titles and Personal Promotions:Evidence from the Imperial Maritime Customs Service

作　　者：李嫣然 赵一泠 周建波[1] Li Yanran;Zhao Yiling;Zhou Jianbo

机构地区：[1]北京大学经济学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2025年第2期164-181,共18页Researches in Chinese Economic History

摘　　要：本文使用1910年《新关题名录》中的华员数据,考察通过科举、荐举和捐纳方式获取头衔是否会影响华员在海关的职业表现。实证分析发现,海关科举华员整体上薪资水平更低,更多分布在文书型岗位上,存在职业发展上限。文章认为,海关的招聘制度设计、不同岗位对能力的差异化需求和科举职员逆向选择等因素导致了上述结果。本文研究结果表明传统教育和新式职业之间存在供需不匹配的矛盾,或许正是这个原因催生了海关税务专门学校,也为以税务专门学校为代表的新式教育的出现和发展提供了侧面的证明。Using data from the 1910 Service List of the Imperial Maritime Customs Service,this paper examines how different sources of traditional titles—whether acquired by examination(keju),conferment,or purchase—impacted on the staff’s professional performance.The empirical results show that staff holding keju titles generally had lower salaries.This is explained by their disproportional job assignments to writingbased work,such as writer and shupan,which are lower-ranked positions with clear career ceilings.In the mechanism analysis,this paper discusses factors that contribute to the discovered pattern of job assignments,namely the design of the recruitment system,varying ability requirements for different positions,and the adverse selection of keju staff.Our findings highlight a mismatch between traditional education and the emerging professions at the time,providing evidence leading to the inevitable founding of the Customs College and in general,the rise of modern education.

关 键 词：科举 新式部门 职业发展 

分 类 号：F75[经济管理—国际贸易]