基于三维点云的飞机扣板零件轮廓关键角点特征提取方法  

Key corner feature extraction method for aircraft buckle parts contour based on 3D point cloud

作　　者：惠阳 韩栋 牛博雅 杨军[2] 陈儒琛 HUI Yang;HAN Dong;NIU Boya;YANG Jun;CHEN Ruchen(AVIC Xi’an Aircraft Industry Group Company Ltd.,Xi’an 710089,CHN;School of Mechanical Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710048,CHN)

机构地区：[1]中航西安飞机工业集团股份有限公司,陕西西安710089 [2]西安交通大学机械工程学院,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《制造技术与机床》2025年第4期166-171,共6页Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题项目“机器人工艺知识图谱生成与离线程编软件平台”(2023YFB4704501)。

摘　　要：飞机扣板类零件的装配精度直接影响机身蒙皮的外形精度和气密性。针对扣板类零件在数字化修配测量过程中难以精准提取到关键特征的问题,提出了基于三维点云的飞机扣板零件轮廓关键角点特征提取方法。首先,对获取的三维云数据进行预处理,得到降维后的二维点云数据;其次,分别对飞机扣板零件的扣板和互补槽采用经纬法和“凸包剔除+密度梯度筛选”法实现其装配轮廓的精准提取;再次,采用双重近邻搜索法获取装配轮廓候选角点特征;最后,基于欧式聚类方法和哈希映射方法,实现了扣板和互补槽关键角点特征的提取。试验结果表明,所提方法与现有方法比较有更好的提取效果和运行效率,且具有较好的鲁棒性,可以有效实现飞机扣板零件轮廓关键角点特征的提取。The assembly accuracy of aircraft buckle parts directly affects the shape accuracy and airtightness of the fuselage skin.To address the problem of difficulty in accurately extracting key features during digital repair and measurement of buckle parts,a method for extracting key corner features of aircraft buckle parts contour based on 3D point cloud was proposed.Firstly,the obtained 3D cloud data was preprocessed to obtain 2D point cloud data after dimensionality reduction.Secondly,the precise extraction of the assembly contour of the aircraft buckle parts'buckle plates and complementary slots was achieved by using the latitude and longitude method and the"convex hull removal+density gradient screening"method.Then,the dual nearest neighbor search method was used to obtain the candidate corner features of the assembly contour.Finally,based on the euclidean clustering method and hash mapping method,the extraction of key corner features of buckle plates and complementary slots was achieved.The experimental results show that the method proposed has better extraction performance and operational efficiency compared to existing methods,and has good robustness,which can effectively extract key corner features of aircraft buckle parts contour.

关 键 词：轮廓提取 密度梯度筛选 角点特征提取 飞机扣板 数据降维 

分 类 号：V262.32[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]