一株米源蜡样芽胞杆菌的分离鉴定及米饭中生长模型的构建  

Isolation and Characterization of a Strain of Bacillus Cereus from Rice and Construction of a Growth Model in Cooked Rice

作　　者：褚冲 郦娟 刘萍 高家昊 晏涛 戴小芳 付诗慧 Chu Chong;Li Juan;Liu Ping;Gao Jiahao;Yan Tao;Dai Xiaofang;Fu Shihui(Wuhan Institute for Food and Cosmetic Control,Wuhan 430040;Key Laboratory of Edible Oil Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation,Wuhan 430040)

机构地区：[1]武汉食品化妆品检验所,武汉430040 [2]国家市场监管重点实验室(食用油质量与安全),武汉430040

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2025年第3期158-166,共9页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：国家市场监督管理总局科技项目(2020MK131)。

摘　　要：从市售大米中分离筛选出一株蜡样芽胞杆菌,对其进行形态学观察、生理生化鉴定、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)鉴定、gyrB基因和毒力基因PCR鉴定。分别在4、10、20、25、30℃和35℃温度条件下,对该菌分别采用修正Gompertz方程、Ratkowsky方程建立初级生长模型和次级生长模型,并对其产毒时间和产毒菌落数的相关性进行研究。结果标明,该蜡样芽胞杆菌携带腹泻型毒力基因(hblA、hblC、hblD、nheA、nheB、nheC、cytK、bceT、entFM),未被检测出呕吐型毒力基因(ces、NRPS)。10~35℃范围内,随着温度上升,YLM-3达到稳定期的时间越短,均达到产肠毒素的菌落数阈值,为5.5~6.0 lg(CFU/g);4℃下,其菌落数维持在1.5 lg(CFU/g)左右。该蜡样芽胞杆菌在10~35℃范围内的生长模型构建良好,可用于预测米饭中蜡样芽胞杆菌的生长。In this paper,a strain of Bacillus cereus was isolated and screened from commercially available rice,and was subjected to morphological observation,physiological and biochemical characterization,matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS)certification,and PCR identification of the gyrB gene and virulence gene.Under the temperature conditions of 4,10,20,25,30℃and 35℃,the primary growth model and secondary growth model were established for this bacterium by using the modified Gompertz equation and Ratkowsky equation,respectively,and the correlation between the time of virulence production and the number of virulence-producing colonies were investigated.The results revealed that,this Bacillus cereus carried diarrhea-type virulence genes(hblA,hblC,hblD,nheA,nheB,nheC,cytK,bceT and entFM),and vomiting-type virulence genes(ces and NRPS)were not detected.The shorter the time for YLM-3 to reach the stabilization period with the increase of temperature in the range of 10℃~35℃,all of them reached the threshold of the colony number of producing colony number threshold for enterotoxin production[5.5~6.0 lg(CFU/g)];at 4℃,its colony number was maintained at about 1.5 lg(CFU/g).The growth model of Bacillus cereus in the range of 10℃~35℃was well constructed,which can be used to predict the growth of Bacillus cereus in cooked rice.

关 键 词：蜡样芽胞杆菌 基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS) 毒力基因 生长模型 

分 类 号：TS201.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]