“同构中的异构”现象探析——以汉语“自V”结构词语语义结构差异为例  

Analysis on Phenomenon of Different Semantic Structure in Co-structure——A Case Study of Different Semantic Structure of Chinese“Zi-V”Structural Words

作　　者：张珊 Zhang Shan(Department of Literature and Arts,Hebei Finance University,Baoding Hebei 071051,China)

机构地区：[1]河北金融学院人文艺术教育教学部,河北保定071051

出　　处：《河北科技师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期17-25,共9页Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：通过探究汉语“自V”结构词语差异性的根源,发现反身代词“自”在古代汉语中有做主语的泛指用法、做状语的强调用法和做宾语的照应用法,“施事—动作”类“自V”结构词语来源于用作泛指用法和强调用法的“自”与谓词性成分的组合,“施/受事—动作”类词语来源于做照应用法的“自”与谓词性成分的组合,“受事—动作”类词语来源于照应用法与强调用法位置重合的“自”与谓词性成分的组合。后两类“自V”结构词语中的“V”必须是及物动词或表使动、意动义的形容词,且这两类词语大部分都是不及物动词,少数是及物动词的对宾语有所限制,宾语需是类属“自”身体的一部分或主观上认同的与自身有关的情况等。The origin of the difference of Chinese“Zi-V”structure reveals that there are three kinds of usage about re-flexive pronoun“Zi”in ancient Chinese:the generic reference usage as subject,the emphasis usage as adverbial modi-fier and the anaphoric usage as object.The“Zi-V”structural words of agent-action come from the combination of the generic and emphasis usage of“Zi”and predicate.The words of agent/patient-action come from the combination of the anaphoric usage of“Zi”and predicate.The words of patient-action come from the combination of“Zi”that coincide with the position of anaphoric and the emphasis usage and predicate.In the latter two types of“Zi-V”structural words,“V”must be transitive verbs or adjectives in imperative or intransitive sense.Most of these two kinds of words are in-transitive verbs,and a few of them are transitive verbs that have restricted objects,which should be a part of“Zi”or a subjectively recognized situation related to“Zi”.

关 键 词：自V结构 反身代词 强调用法 照应用法 

分 类 号：G763[文化科学—特殊教育学]