新自由主义话语主导的学前教育困境:基于IELS项目的批判分析  

The Dilemma of Preschool Education Dominated by Neoliberal Discourse:A Critical Analysis Based on the IELS Project

作　　者：刘颖[1] 胥艳 LIU Ying;XU Yan(School of Education Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,南京210097

出　　处：《比较教育学报》2025年第2期19-35,共17页Journal of Comparative Education

基　　金：全国教育科学规划国家青年项目“质量视域下幼儿园教师待遇保障机制研究——基于循证决策的理念”(项目编号:CHA200267)。

摘　　要：新自由主义思潮对学前教育产生了广泛而深远的影响。对国际早期学习与儿童幸福感(IELS)项目的批判性分析发现,经合组织排他性地采用了新自由主义叙事方式,基于人力资本话语设计了该项目,借助成绩排名推动国际竞争,并以新自由主义的治理工具将其理念植入各国决策者和实践者的行动逻辑,实现其全球教育治理的宏愿。该项目的实施呈现新自由主义对学前教育基本意象和实践场域的深刻影响与冲击,包括儿童形象的弱化、同质化和数据化,学前教育的多样性被遮蔽,因评价而教导致课程窄化,以及标准化测试取得优势地位。以此为鉴,我们需要对学前教育领域中的新自由主义思潮保持警觉,解构新自由主义话语下的儿童形象和学前教育形象,展开民主的、有意义的学前教育课程实践和比较研究。The impact of neo-liberal ideology on early childhood education is significant and far-reaching.An analysis of the International Early Learning and Child Well-being Study(IELS)highlights the exclusive adoption of the neo-liberal narratives by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD).The IELS project is based on the discourse of human capital and employs performance rankings to drive international competition.In this project,the OECD employs neo-liberal governance tools to disseminate its ideas to decision-makers and practitioners worldwide,in pursuit of its grand vision of global education governance.The implementation of this project raises several concerns,which include the marginalization,homogenization and commodification of children,the overshadowing of diversity in early childhood education(ECE),curriculum narrowing due to teaching for assessment,the dominance of standardized testing,and policy learning that may not be suitable for different contexts.We suggest to remain vigilant regarding neo-liberal trends in ECE,deconstruct the images of children and ECE under neo-liberal discourse,and foster meaningful and democratic ECE assessment and comparative studies.

关 键 词：新自由主义 话语霸权 经合组织 IELS项目 课程窄化 标准化测试 

分 类 号：G4[文化科学—教育学]