视网膜神经血管单元改变与青光眼的关系研究进展  

Progress in research on the relationship between neurovascular unit changes and glaucoma

作　　者：刘玉洁 祝光宇 孙悦 路雪婧 LIU Yujie;ZHU Guangyu;SUN Yue;LU Xuejing(Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM,Chengdu 610075,Sichuan Province,China;Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM,Chengdu 610075,Sichuan Province,China;Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention&Cure and Visual Function Protection With TCM,Chengdu 610075,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学眼科学院,四川省成都市610075 [2]成都中医大银海眼科医院,四川省成都市610075 [3]中医药眼病防治与视功能保护四川省重点实验室,四川省成都市610075

出　　处：《眼科新进展》2025年第4期314-320,325,共8页Recent Advances in Ophthalmology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:82174444)。

摘　　要：视网膜神经血管单元(NVU)在青光眼中的重要性已被证实,在未来或可成为青光眼等神经退行性病变的有效治疗靶点。NVU是由神经元、胶质细胞及血管细胞构成的细胞群落,其通过神经血管耦合(NVC)参与视网膜神经血管间的生理病理作用。青光眼作为代表性视网膜神经退行性病变,与视网膜微血管及神经胶质细胞等密切相关,因此NVU功能的正常运转在其中尤为重要。本文综述了NVU的结构基础,包括视网膜神经元和胶质细胞在NVU中的主导和协调作用,以及NVC对视网膜血流调节和代谢及毒性物质的清除作用,并阐述了NVU各组分及其功能异常与青光眼之间的联系,这将有利于基于神经血管角度进一步明确青光眼作用机制,为视神经保护提供新的防范方向或治疗靶点。The significance of the retinal neurovascular unit(NVU)in glaucoma has been established,and it holds potential as an effective therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders such as glaucoma in the future.NVUs are a cell community composed of neurons,glial cells,and vascular cells,and they engage in the physiological and pathological interactions between retinal neurovasculature through neurovascular coupling(NVC).As a representative neurodegenerative disorder of the retina,glaucoma is closely associated with retinal microvasculature and glial cells,rendering the normal functioning of the NVU particularly crucial.In this paper,the structural foundation of the NVU was reviewed,including the leading and coordinating roles of retinal neurons and glial cells in the NVU,and the role of NVCs in regulating retinal blood flow,metabolism,and the clearance of toxic substances.Furthermore,the associations of the components of the NVU and their functional abnormalities with glaucoma were elucidated.This paper will deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of glaucoma from a neurovascular perspective,and provide new preventive directions or therapeutic targets for neuroprotection in glaucoma.

关 键 词：青光眼 神经血管单元 神经胶质细胞 神经血管耦联 眼胶质淋巴系统 

分 类 号：R774.6[医药卫生—眼科]