同一健康的概念及其论证——以蝙蝠为例展开的探讨  

The Concept and Arguments of One Health:A Discussion Based on Bats as an Example

作　　者：邱仁宗[1,2] QIU Renzong(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院 [2]中国人民大学

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第1期12-22,共11页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：世界卫生组织把同一健康定义为是一种平衡和优化人类、动物和生态系统健康的综合性、统一性径路。它所基于的理念是人、动植物以及环境三者的健康密切相关且相互依存,可预防全球性疫病的暴发,改善人类和动物健康,保护生物多样性。同一健康主张通过促进跨部门、跨学科合作的方式,维护全球人类、动物和植物的健康安全。目前,已有坚实的科学和医学证据表明人类的健康与动物的健康以及人类与动植物共享的环境有着紧密的联系,这为同一健康理念提供了有力支撑。尽管学界中既存在支持同一健康概念和径路的伦理学论证,又存在反对的论证,但是这些反对的论证基本上来自同一健康实施中需要解决的概念上和实践中的问题,并不能从根本上否定同一健康理念。以蝙蝠这一典型物种为例,人类对其栖息地的破坏、全球气候异常、食物资源匮乏等多重因素的叠加,导致蝙蝠健康状况恶化、免疫力下降,进而增加病毒排放量,最终引发跨物种传播风险。这一案例有力印证了人类健康、动物健康与生态系统健康之间的紧密依存关系,凸显了在全球范围内推广和落实同一健康理念对于预防重大疫情的重要性和紧迫性。The World Health Organization defines“One Health”as a comprehensive and unified approach aimed at balancing and optimizing the health of humans,animals,and ecosystems.The underlying principle is that the health of humans,animals,and plants,as well as the environment,are closely interconnected and interdependent.This approach helps prevent global disease outbreaks,improve human and animal health,and protect biodiversity.One Health advocates for maintaining the health and safety of humans,animals,and plants worldwide by promoting cross-sectoral and interdisciplinary collaboration.Currently,solid scientific and medical evidence has demonstrated the close connection between human health,animal health,and the shared environment of humans,animals,and plants,providing strong support for the One Health concept.Although there are both supportive ethical arguments and opposing views in academia regarding the One Health concept and approach,the criticisms primarily stem from conceptual and practical challenges in its implementation.However,these criticisms do not fundamentally negate the validity of the One Health concept.Taking bats as a typical species,the destruction of their habitats by humans,global climate anomalies,and food resource shortages—among other factors—have led to the deterioration of bat health and weakened immune systems.This,in turn,increases viral shedding,ultimately heightening the risk of cross-species transmission.This case strongly confirms the close interdependence between human health,animal health,and ecosystem health.It highlights the importance and urgency of promoting and implementing the One Health concept globally to prevent major pandemics.

关 键 词：同一健康 蝙蝠 动物源疾病 全球性疫情 气候变暖 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]