生态学马克思主义研究评析  

An Analysis and Review of Ecological Marxism Studies

作　　者：包庆德[1,2] 胡瑞荫 BAO Qingde;HU Ruiyin(Inner Mongolia University;Inner Mongolia Normal University)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学 [2]内蒙古师范大学

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第1期57-75,共19页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“唯物史观视野中的当代西方生态哲学思潮研究”(22AZX002)。

摘　　要：生态学马克思主义依据马克思的人与自然关系以及物质变换等理论,扬弃法兰克福学派社会批判理论和当代西方生态主义思想资源,形成发展的历史脉络可分为孕育萌芽、发展成熟和多元繁荣等阶段。其核心观点:一是对历史唯物主义的态度,有的学者肯定与挖掘历史唯物主义之中的生态学思想,认为马克思主义内含了一种完整的生态学视角,而有的学者主张对历史唯物主义进行生态重构;二是对技术持有平衡态度,既不完全接受技术乐观主义对技术进步的过分积极预期,也不认同技术悲观主义对技术自主性力量的过度强调;三是由于对资本主义批判的侧重点不同,他们关于生态危机的阐述也有所区别,有学者认为资本主义及其生产方式体系下“虚假需求”“过度消费”等“异化消费”的大众消费模式是导致全球性生态危机的成因,有学者认为资本主义及其生产方式为追求高额利润不断扩大生产,增加资本积累,在此过程中往往会忽视环境成本,造成生态危机。由此,主张创建一种分散化和少生产模式,提倡生态理性和重建社会主义,生态社会主义能够消解生态危机,构建公正可持续发展。生态学马克思主义存在着理论与实践脱节和缺乏全球视野的困境,由此,增强理论的针对性和现实性以及全球化拓展和本土化推进是解决生态危机的重要路径。Ecological Marxism,based on Marx's theories on the relationship between man and nature,as well as material metabolism,sublates Frankfurt Schools social critical theory and contemporary Western ecological thought resources.Its historical development can be divided into three stages:emergence and germination,development and maturation,and diversification and prosperity.Its core viewpoints are as follows:First,regarding the attitude towards historical materialism,some scholars affirm and explore the ecological thought within historical materialism,arguing that Marxism inherently contains a comprehensive ecological perspective,while others advocate for an ecological reconstruction of historical materialism.Second,it adopts a balanced attitude towards technology,neither fully embracing the overly positive expectations of technological progress held by technological optimism nor agreeing with the excessive emphasis on technological autonomy advocated by technological pessimism.Third,due to differing emphases in their critique of capitalism,scholars also vary in their interpretations of the ecological crisis.Some argue that under the capitalist mode of production,mass consumption patterns characterized by“false needs”,“overconsumption”,and other forms of“alienated consumption”are the root causes of the global ecological crisis.Others believe that capitalism and its mode of production,in its pursuit of high profits and continuous expansion of production to increase capital accumulation,often neglect environmental costs,ultimately leading to ecological crises.Accordingly,it advocates for the establishment of a decentralized and lowproduction model,promoting ecological rationality and the reconstruction of socialism.Ecological socialism is seen as a means to resolve the ecological crisis and build a just and sustainable society.Ecological Marxism faces challenges such as a disconnect between theory and practice and a lack of a global perspective.Therefore,enhancing the relevance and practicality of its theories

关 键 词：生态学马克思主义 历史唯物主义 生态社会主义 生态重构 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]