从技术伦理到生命伦理:人工智能伦理研究的范式转换  

From Technical Ethics to Bioethics:The Paradigm Shift in the Study of Artificial Intelligence Ethics

作　　者：舒红跃[1,2] 李文龙 SHU Hongyue;LI Wenlong

机构地区：[1]湖北大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430062 [2]湖北大学哲学学院湖北省道德与文明研究中心,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《学习与实践》2025年第3期22-30,共9页Study and Practice

摘　　要：随着计算、学习、语言等一个个被认为唯有人才具备的属性不断在机器身上实现,人与机器之间的鸿沟越来越小,人工智能有可能从技术的发展演变成生命的进化,人工智能伦理研究的终极目标将是生命伦理。目前,学界将人工智能的道德行为划分为操作性、功能性和完全性,或者隐性、显性和完全性等不同层次。实际上,这些不同层次的道德行为也是人工智能道德发展的不同阶段,不同层次和阶段的人工智能道德主体具有不同的自主性。一旦人工智能成为类人生命,这就需要改变现有的研究范式,将其看作能够像人类那样在世生存的存在者,进而构建一种新的伦理学范式,实现不同生命形式在这个星球上共生共存。As attributes that were once thought to be exclusive to humans,such as calculation,learning and language,are being continuously realized in machines,the gap between humans and machines is narrow-ing.Artificial intelligence(AI)has the potential to evolve from a technological development into a biological evolution and the ultimate goal of the study of AI ethics will shift to bioethics.Currently,the academic commu-nity categorizes the moral behaviors of AI into different levels,such as operational,functional and complete,or implicit,explicit and complete.In fact,these moral behaviors at different levels represent different stages of the moral development of AI;the moral agents of AI at different levels and stages possess different degrees of autonomy.Once AI becomes a human-like being,it will necessitate a shift in the existing research paradigm,treating AI as an entity that is capable of existing in the world like humans and then construct a new ethical par-adigm to achieve the coexistence of different forms of life on this planet.

关 键 词：人工智能 技术伦理 生命伦理 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] B82-057[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]