高速铁路隧道洞口噪声理论计算方法研究  

Theoretical calculation method of noise around portal of high-speed railway tunnel

作　　者：李志强 王晨歌 郑撼 刘兰华 朴爱玲 邵琳 LI Zhiqiang;WANG Chen’ge;ZHENG Han;LIU Lanhua;PIAO Ailing;SHAO Lin(Energy Saving&Environmental Protection&Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Postgraduate Department,China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司节能环保劳卫研究所,北京100081 [2]中国铁道科学研究院研究生部,北京100081

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2025年第3期921-929,共9页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52378450);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科研开发计划课题(J2023Z004);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科研开发计划课题(2022YJ254)。

摘　　要：为探究高速铁路隧道洞口噪声影响规律,在高速铁路多等效声源直达声预测方法理论模型基础上,发展了基于统计声学的隧道洞口混响声理论计算模型,建立了隧道洞口环境噪声影响理论计算方法;基于几何声学仿真软件,构建350km/h高速铁路隧道洞口和路基段动车组噪声传播三维仿真分析模型。对比了不同工况下动车组通过噪声差异,探讨混响声对隧道洞口噪声时变影响规律,并将理论与仿真结果进行了对比分析。通过现场测试所得的动车组350km/h驶出隧道时隧道外噪声时域变化曲线,验证理论和仿真计算结果的可靠性。研究结果表明:所建理论模型及仿真分析模型所得噪声计算结果基本一致,且与实测结果误差均小于1dB(A);隧道混响是引起隧道洞口噪声增大的主因,在动车组头车抵近洞口时混响声达最大值,动车组大部分车体驶出隧道后混响声快速减小,其贡献量总体呈先增大后减小的趋势;在动车组驶出隧道前,隧道洞口噪声以混响声为主;在动车组驶出隧道的过程中,隧道洞口噪声以动车组已驶出隧道部分产生的直达声为主。所提出的高速铁路隧道洞口混响声和总噪声理论模型实现了对混响声贡献量的有效解析,可准确计算隧道洞口噪声时变特征,研究成果对进一步指导隧道洞口噪声控制方案快速制定、改善隧道洞口声环境具有重要意义和应用价值。To investigate the noise patterns at the portal of high-speed railway tunnels,on the basis of the direct sound prediction method using multiple equivalent sound sources,a new theoretical calculation method for reverberant noise based on statistical acoustics was developed,and the theoretical calculation model for environmental noise impact around tunnel portal was established.Based on geometric acoustic simulation software,three-dimensional simulation analysis models of noise from train sets pass by the tunnel portal and the embankment section at a speed of 350 km/h were constructed separately.By comparing the differences in noise propagated by high-speed trains under different boundary conditions,the time-varying impact of reverberation on noise around the portal of tunnel was explored.A comparative analysis was conducted between the simulation and theoretical calculation results.The reliability of the theoretical and simulation results was verified using the time-domain noise curve outside the tunnel when the train set at 350 km/h exited the tunnel,as obtained through field testing.The results indicate that the predicted noise calculation results of the established theoretical model and simulation analysis have an error of less than 1 dB(A)compared to the actual measurements.The tunnel reverberation is the main cause of increased noise at tunnel portal,reaching its maximum when the front car of the train set approaches the portal and rapidly decreasing when most of the train exits the tunnel,with its overall contribution shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.Before the train set exits the tunnel,the noise at the tunnel entrance is dominated by reverberant noise,while during the process of the train exiting the tunnel,the noise around the tunnel portal is primarily the direct sound produced by the part of the train that has exited the tunnel.The proposed theoretical model of reverberant and total noise at the portal of high-speed railway tunnels has effectively resolved the contribution of reverb

关 键 词：高速铁路 隧道 混响 直达声 理论方法 

分 类 号：TB535[理学—物理]