长沙地区耐药肠球菌在动物性食品生产链的分布特征  

Distribution characteristics of antibiotic-resistant Enterococci in the animal-derived food production chain in Changsha

作　　者：刘建勤 戴伶 王洪亮 张震萍 陈念 曹槊 陈小军[1] LIU Jianqin;DAI Ling;WANG Hongliang;ZHANG Zhenping;CHEN Nian;CAO Shuo;CHEN Xiaojun(College of Veterinary Medicine,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha Hunan 410125,China;Changsha Comprehensive Agricultural Administrative Law Enforcement Brigade,Changsha Hunan 410013,China;Changsha Center for Animal and Plant Disease Prevention and Control,Changsha Hunan 410005,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学动物医学院,湖南长沙410125 [2]长沙市农业综合行政执法支队,湖南长沙410013 [3]长沙市动植物疫病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410005

出　　处：《中兽医医药杂志》2025年第2期69-73,共5页Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(22B0189);长沙市动植物疫病预防控制中心资助项目(0123017)。

摘　　要：为了解长沙地区动物性食品生产链中肠球菌的耐药情况,采集了养殖场、屠宰场和销售市场共计59个采样点的919份样本,进行肠球菌的分离和质谱鉴定,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定10种药物对分离菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果显示,共分离到276株肠球菌(分离率为30.03%),分离菌株对头孢西丁和头孢噻呋耐药率最高(90.58%和85.14%),其后依次是氟苯尼考(72.46%)、四环素(67.39%)、庆大霉素(67.39%)、红霉素(64.49%)、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑(48.55%)、恩诺沙星(43.84%)、利奈唑胺(26.09%)和万古霉素(17.39%)。另对养殖(包括鸡、羊、猪和牛等动物的养殖场)、屠宰和销售等环节分离的肠球菌耐药性进行分析。结果显示,养殖环节分离羊源肠球菌对万古霉素耐药率高达56.00%,猪源肠球菌对利奈唑胺的耐药率达41.94%。此外,屠宰环节和销售环节分离的肠球菌对大环内酯类、头孢类、酰氨醇类的耐药率低于养殖环节分离的动物源性肠球菌。供应链中肠球菌多重耐药问题十分严重,多重耐药肠球菌占比达88.77%,更有对9类药物耐药的超级肠球菌。结果提示,长沙地区耐药肠球菌已在猪、鸡、羊和牛等动物的养殖场广泛流行,有通过在屠宰和销售的过程中交叉污染肉品并向消费者传播的可能性,须引起有关部门的重视。To investigate the antibiotic resistance of Enterococci in the animal-derived food production chain in Changsha,919 samples were collected from 59 sampling sites across farms,slaughterhouses,and markets for Enterococci isolation and mass spectrometry identification.The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)of 10 antimicrobial agents were determined using the broth microdilution method.A total of 276 Enterococci strains were isolated(with the isolation rate of 30.03%).The highest resistance rates were observed for cefoxitin(90.58%)and ceftiofur(85.14%),followed by florfenicol(72.46%),tetracycline(67.39%),gentamicin(67.39%),erythromycin(64.49%),trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole(48.55%),enrofloxacin(43.84%),linezolid(26.09%),and vancomycin(17.39%).This study analyzed antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance of Enterococci from farming(including poultry,sheep,pig,and cattle farms),slaughtering,and retail stages.Specifically,the vancomycin resistance rate of ovine-derived Enterococci in the farming stage reached 56.00%,while porcine-derived Enterococci showed 41.94%resistance rate to linezolid.Additionally,Enterococci from slaughtering and retail stages exhibited lower resistance to macrolides,cephalosporins,and amphenicols compared to those from the farming stage.Multidrug-resistant enterococci(MDR)were prevalent across the supply chain,accounting for 88.77%of isolates,with some strains exhibiting resistance to nine antimicrobial classes,representing“super-resistant”Enterococci.These findings indicate that antibiotic-resistant Enterococci have become widespread in pig,poultry,sheep,and cattle farms in Changsha and may contaminate meat products through cross-contamination during slaughtering and retail,posing a potential risk to consumers.These issues require urgent attention from relevant authorities.

关 键 词：生产链 肠球菌 耐药性 养殖 屠宰 销售 

分 类 号：S852.6[农业科学—基础兽医学]