微生物作用下生态丁坝和深潭浅滩组合对氨氮的净化效果  

Purification effect of ammonia nitrogen by ecological groin and deep pool shoals combination under the action of microorganisms

作　　者：王禹来 杨威 原先凡 王启航 陈一天 WANG Yulai;YANG Wei;YUAN Xianfan;WANG Qihang;CHEN Yitian(PowerChina Chengdu Engineering Co.Ltd.,Chengdu 611130,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;North China Municipal Engineering Design&Research Institute Co.Ltd.,Tianjin 300074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司,成都611130 [2]天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300350 [3]中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司,天津300074

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2025年第2期281-290,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：城市黑臭水体综合治理及水质演替模拟研究(PA8821)。

摘　　要：在河道中布置生态丁坝和深潭浅滩是河道整治和防护工程中常见的措施。然而,目前的研究大多数集中在生态丁坝的材料和深潭浅滩对河流生境的影响方面,很少关注微生物作用下生态丁坝和深潭浅滩对河流中氨氮的净化机理。为此,该研究将错口生态丁坝和异侧深潭浅滩组合,采用水槽模型实验的方法研究生态丁坝和深潭浅滩组合布置对河道水体氨氮的净化能力,并对生态丁坝和深潭浅滩的微生物多样性进行分析。结果表明:河流中的氨氮总去除率表现为生态丁坝>浅滩>深潭,即氨氮的净化能力为生态丁坝>浅滩>深潭;生态丁坝和深潭浅滩组合对河流中氨氮的表面硝化速率表现为生态丁坝>浅滩>深潭,而潜在硝化速率表现为生态丁坝>深潭>浅滩;不同底质样品中OTUs数量表现为生态丁坝>深潭>浅滩,菌群组成丰富度表现为生态丁坝>深潭>浅滩;与深潭和浅滩相比,生态丁坝中菌群组成则表现出明显的差异性,除绿弯菌门和放线菌门的优势菌属外,还包含蓝细菌门和变形菌门。研究显示:生态丁坝和深潭浅滩底质中的菌群对河流中氨氮起主要净化作用,其组成结构和丰富度的差异,是导致浅滩、生态丁坝和深潭硝化速率及净化效果不同的重要原因。The installation of ecological groin and deep pool shoals is a prevalent practice in river regulation and protection engineering.Nevertheless,prevailing research primarily focuses on the material composition of ecological groin and the impact of deep pool shoals on river habitats,the purification mechanism of ammonia nitrogen in rivers using ecological groin and deep pool shoals under the action of microorganisms has received slight attention.Thus,the ecological alternate groin and deep pool shoals on varying sides was combined to assess their capacity for purifying ammonia nitrogen with the water tank modeling experimental method,and the microbial diversity in them was analyzed.The results showed that the order of the total removal rate of ammonia nitrogen in rivers,as well as the order of the purification effect of ammonia nitrogen,was ecological groin>shoal>deep pool.The order of the surface ammonia nitrogen nitrification rate for this combination was ecological groin>shoal>deep pool,while the order of the potential nitrification rate was groin>deep pool>shoal.The OTU counts in various sediment samples presented the following order:ecological groin>deep pool>shoal,whereas the bacterial community richness presented the following order:groin>deep pool>shoal.Compared with that in deep pools and shoals,a notable contrast occurred in the microbial community composition of ecological groin.Besides the dominated bacterial community of Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria at phylum levle,Cloroflexi and Actinomyces were also dominated ones.The findings indicated that the microbial community at the bottom of the ecological groin and the deep pool significantly contributed to the purification of ammonia nitrogen in the river.Furthermore,the difference in microbial composition and abundance is a key factor affecting the the nitrification rates and purification efficiency among the shoal,groin and deep pool.

关 键 词：生态丁坝 深潭浅滩 氨氮净化 硝化速率 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]