初加工过程对党参和白及中6种农药残留的影响  

Effects of Primary Processing to Six Pesticide Residues in Codonopsis pilosula and Bletilla striata

作　　者：石贵远 黄文源 段婷婷[1] 王芳 田旭芳 张盈[1] SHI Guiyuan;HUANG Wenyuan;DUAN Tingting;WANG Fang;TIAN Xufang;ZHANG Ying(Institute of Plant Protection,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650500,China;Zunyi Jingkexin Testing Co.,Ltd.,Zunyi 563100,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院植物保护研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明650500 [3]遵义市精科信检测有限公司,贵州遵义563100

出　　处：《保鲜与加工》2025年第3期108-116,共9页Storage and Process

基　　金：黔农科院青年科技基金项目([2020]12号);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科中引地[2022]4008)。

摘　　要：为明确初加工过程对党参和白及中啶虫脒、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、联苯菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯残留的影响。在实验室模拟沉积农药的条件下,采用传统加工方式对党参和白及进行清洗、水煮和烘干3个初加工处理,采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测啶虫脒、吡虫啉和毒死蜱残留,气相色谱法检测联苯菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯残留。结果表明,清洗使党参和白及中6种农药残留量降低14.0%~85.5%,2%食盐水清洗对农药残留去除效果较好。水煮2~4 min使农药残留量进一步降低14.9%~73.2%,水煮4 min对农药残留去除效果较好,水煮时间增加至5~6 min后农药会在白及中发生浓缩富集效应。烘干过程可使党参和白及中农药残留富集2.3~6.8倍,在60℃烘干时农药的富集程度较低。经2%食盐水清洗、水煮4 min和60℃烘干的初加工全过程后,啶虫脒、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、联苯菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯在党参中的全过程加工因子分别为0.17、0.23、0.32、0.97、0.94和1.36,在白及中的全过程加工因子分别为0.39、0.42、0.79、0.88、0.55和1.18,表明初加工过程可降低党参和白及产品中啶虫脒、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、联苯菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯的残留,但会引起溴氰菊酯的残留富集。研究结果可为党参和白及初加工产品中农药风险评估及降低初加工产品中农药残留水平提供参考。To identify the effects of preliminary processing on the residues of acetamiprid,imidacloprid,chlorpyrifos,bifenthrin,lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin in Codonopsis pilosula and Bletilla striata.Under laboratory simu⁃lated conditions of pesticides deposition,the traditional processing methods were used to perform three preliminary processing treatments on Codonopsis pilosula and Bletilla striata,including washing,boiling and oven drying.The resi⁃dues of acetamiprid,imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos were detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.And the residues of bifenthrin,lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin were detected by gas chroma⁃tography.The results showed that the washing could reduce the concentration of 6 pesticide residues in Codonopsis pilosula and Bletilla striata by 14.0%~85.5%,washing with 2%salt water had a better effect on the removal of pesti⁃cide residues.The concentration of pesticide residues could be further reduced by 14.9%~73.2%after boiling for 2~4 min,boiling for 4 min has a better effect on the removal of pesticide residues.When the boiling time increased to 5~6 min,the pesticides would undergo concentration enrichment effect in Bletilla striata.The oven drying process could enrich pesticide residues in Codonopsis pilosula and Bletilla striata by 2.3~6.8 times,and the enrichment degree of pesticides was relatively low when dried at 60℃.After the preliminary processing process of washing with 2%salt water-boiling for 4 min-oven drying at 60℃,the processing factors of acetamiprid,imidacloprid,chlorpyrifos,bifen⁃thrin,lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin in Codonopsis pilosula were 0.17,0.23,0.32,0.97,0.94 and 1.36,respec⁃tively.The processing factors in Bletilla striata were 0.39,0.42,0.79,0.88,0.55 and 1.18,respectively.The prelimi⁃nary processing could reduce the residues of acetamiprid,imidacloprid,chlorpyrifos,bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalo⁃thrin in Codonopsis pilosula and Bletilla striata,but lead to the residue enrichment of delta

关 键 词：党参 白及 杀虫剂 初加工 加工因子 

分 类 号：S567.9[农业科学—中草药栽培]