论《周易》之“敬”:《周易》的实践本心论哲学  

On“Jing”in the Book of Changes:The Philosophy of Practice and the Innate Mind in the Book of Changes

作　　者：江复心 Jiang Fuxin(Advanced Institute for Confucian Studies,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《学术探索》2025年第3期97-106,共10页Academic Exploration

摘　　要：“敬”是中国哲学中一个十分重要的概念。到了宋明理学中,“敬”的概念更被发展至一个新的高度,而成为宋明理学一个至关重要的工夫论概念。对于《周易》中“敬”的概念,学界都普遍以“敬肃”“恭敬”“敬慎”及宋明易学来作出诠释,尚未有研究单独深入分析《周易》中的“敬”。从训诂以及《周易》经传文本所考证的“敬”具以下三种意义:敬以直内、履错之敬、敬慎不败。敬以直内表达了《周易》以本心作自我要求及追求,履错之敬反映了《周易》的“敬”是“洗心”的实践哲学,敬慎不败反映了“敬”的理想目的及《周易》人道和合于天地的实践。《周易》“自敬”的精神揭示了《周易》并不认为“敬”是一种工夫;相反,《周易》是一种在实践中修心的哲学,本心(人心本来与外界有所相应的自然状态)是《周易》道德哲学的主体,《周易》的“敬”是结合从实践中修心(对本心的追寻)、人与外界相应(天人合一),以及以心来要求自我的实践本心论哲学。《周易》的“敬”自然就不限于后世宋明理学所述的工夫。“Jing”is a significant concept in Chinese philosophy,and in Song-Ming Confucianism,it was further developed into a key aspect of self-cultivation.While academic discussions often interpret“Jing”in the Book of Changes as“reverence,”“respect,”and“diligence,”and relate it to Song-Ming Yi studies,there has been limited in-depth analysis focused specifically on“Jing”in the Book of Changes.By examining philology and textual evidence,“Jing”in the Book of Changes can be understood in three main aspects:internal rectitude through reverence,reverence in correcting mistakes,and the inviolability of reverence.Internal rectitude through reverence reflects the Book of Changes'emphasis on self-discipline and the pursuit of one's true nature.Reverence in correcting mistakes reveals the Book of Changes'practical philosophy of“purifying the mind.”The inviolability of reverence represents the ideal purpose of“Jing”and its integration with humaneness,aligning with the harmony of heaven and earth.The spirit of“self-reverence”in the Book of Changes suggests that“Jing”is not merely a technique,but a philosophy of cultivating the mind through practice.The essence of the heart,or the natural correspondence between the human heart and the external world,forms the foundation of the Book of Changes'moral philosophy.In the book,“Jing”combines the cultivation of the mind through practice(pursuit of one's essence),the harmony between humans and the external world(unity of heaven and humanity),and the philosophy of self-cultivation that demands self-discipline from the heart.Thus,“Jing”in the Book of Changes naturally transcends the techniques described in later Song-Ming Confucianism.

关 键 词：《周易》 “敬” 实践 本心 

分 类 号：B21[哲学宗教—中国哲学]