彩色小麦花青素积累对花后高温胁迫的响应机理  

Response Mechanism of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Colored Wheat to Post-Anthesis High Temperature Stress

作　　者：唐宇 雷毕欣 王传伟 严轩韬 王浩 郑杰 张文静[1] 马尚宇[1] 黄正来[1] 樊永惠 TANG Yu;LEI BiXin;WANG ChuanWei;YAN XuanTao;WANG Hao;ZHENG Jie;ZHANG WenJing;MA ShangYu;HUANG ZhengLai;FAN YongHui(College of Agriculture,Anhui Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in the South of Huanghe-Huaihe Rivers,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hefei 230036)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院/农业农村部黄淮南部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,合肥230036

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2025年第6期1083-1101,I0011,共20页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(24231007);安徽省高等学校自然科学研究项目(KJ2021A0199);安徽省科技重大专项(202003a06020014);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U19A2021);安徽农业大学稳定和引进人才科研项目(YJ2015-38);安徽农业大学青年基金重点项目(03087060)。

摘　　要：【目的】在全球气候变暖背景下,探究彩色小麦花青素含量对灌浆中期高温胁迫响应的生理机理,为进一步应对气候变暖下功能性彩色小麦品种优质栽培提供理论依据。【方法】于2022—2024年在安徽省合肥市高新技术农业园进行,选用6个颜色不同的彩色小麦品种,于灌浆中期对其进行5 d的高温胁迫处理(T),以不增温为对照(CK)。【结果】花后高温胁迫处理下,彩色小麦的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)、干物质分配量、可溶性糖含量、蔗糖合成酶活性、花青素含量、花青素合成酶活性、查尔酮合成酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性均显著降低,6个品种彩色小麦产量减少9.10%—16.94%,千粒重显著降低7.84%—16.94%,花青素含量显著降低7.18%—14.17%。不同品种彩色小麦产量、光合强度、SPAD值、干物质分配量、可溶性糖含量、蔗糖合成酶活性、花青素含量、花青素合成酶活性、查尔酮合成酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性大小为:秦白1号>秦绿3号>秦紫1号>新春36>秦黑2号>秦蓝1号,花青素含量大小为:秦黑2号>新春36>秦紫1号>秦绿3号>秦蓝1号>秦白1号。抗热型小麦品种秦白1号、秦绿3号、秦紫1号产量的下降幅度小于热感型小麦品种秦黑2号、新春36、秦蓝1号。花青素含量较高的彩色小麦品种秦黑2号、新春36、秦紫1号的光合强度、SPAD值、干物质分配量、可溶性糖含量、蔗糖合成酶活性、花青素含量、花青素合成酶活性、查尔酮合成酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的下降幅度小于花青素含量较低的彩色小麦品种秦绿3号、秦蓝1号、秦白1号。相关性分析表明,各彩色小麦品种产量和籽粒千粒重、蔗糖含量、蔗糖合成酶活性、旗叶净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、SPAD值呈显著正相关关系,花青素含量与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关关系,产量与花青素呈负�【Objective】Under the background of global warming,this paper explored the physiological mechanism of anthocyanin content in colored wheat in response to high temperature stress in the middle of grain filling,so as to lay a theoretical basis for further coping with the high-quality cultivation of functional colored wheat varieties under climate warming.【Method】The experiment was conducted in Hefei High-tech Agricultural Park in the 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 growing seasons.Six colored wheat varieties with different colors were selected and subjected to high temperature stress treatment(T)for 5 days at the middle stage of filling,with the same materials grown under ambient temperature as the controls(CK).【Result】Under high temperature stress after anthesis,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,relative chlorophyll content(SPAD),dry matter partition,soluble sugar content,sucrose synthase activity,anthocyanin content,anthocyanidin synthase activity,chalcone synthase activity and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity of colored wheat were significantly reduced,and the yield of six varieties of colored wheat decreased by 9.10%to 16.94%,1000-grain weight decreased by 7.84%to 16.94%,and anthocyanin content decreased by 7.18%to 14.17%.The yield,photosynthetic intensity,SPAD value,dry matter partition,soluble sugar content,sucrose synthase activity,anthocyanin content,anthocyanidin synthase activity,chalcone synthase activity,and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity of different varieties of colored wheat were:Qinbai 1>Qinlü3>Qinzi 1>Xinchun 36>Qinhe 2>Qinlan 1,and the anthocyanin content was:Qinhei 2>Xinchun 36>Qinzi 1>Qinlü3>Qinlan 1>Qinbai 1.The yield of heat-resistant wheat varieties of Qinbai 1,Qinlü3 and Qinzi 1 decreased significantly less than that of heat-sensitive wheat varieties Qinhei 2,Xinchun 36 and Qinlan 1.The decreases in photosynthetic intensity,SPAD value,dry matter fraction,soluble sugar content,sucrose synthase activity,anthocyanin content,anthocyanidin synthas

关 键 词：高温胁迫 彩色小麦 花青素 碳代谢 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]