整合肠道菌群与小分子代谢物分析调控肉鸡饲料转化率的影响因素  

Integration of Intestinal Flora and Small Molecule Metabolite to Analyze the Role of Factors Regulating Feed Conversion in Broiler Chickens

作　　者：巨晓军 章明[1] 刘一帆[1] 姬改革[1] 单艳菊[1] 屠云洁[1] 邹剑敏[1] 张海涛 卞良永 束婧婷[1] JU XiaoJun;ZHANG Ming;LIU YiFan;JI GaiGe;SHAN YanJu;TU YunJie;ZOU JianMin;ZHANG HaiTao;BIAN LiangYong;SHU JingTing(Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Poultry Genetic Breeding,Yangzhou 225125,Jiangsu;Changzhou Lihua livestock Ltd,Changzhou 213168,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]江苏省家禽科学研究所/江苏省家禽遗传育种重点实验室,江苏扬州225125 [2]江苏立华股份有限公司,江苏常州213168

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2025年第6期1223-1238,共16页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20230729);科技创新2030—重大项目(2023ZD04064);江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS[2021]107);现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-41)。

摘　　要：【目的】饲料转化效率(feed conversion rate,FCR)是畜禽生产中一个重要的经济性状指标,通过对肠道菌群与小分子代谢物的分析,探讨调控肉鸡FCR的影响因素。【方法】选择健康状况良好、同批次0日龄麻黄鸡雏鸡,自由采食和饮水,在57日龄时选择500只发育正常体重相近((2 374.96±214.39)g)的公鸡转入测定舍,适应期3 d,60日龄正式测定,试验期18 d,根据自动喂料系统测定结果在上市日龄(78日龄)分别选取高饲料转化率(HF)和低饲料转化率(LF)各20只屠宰,分离肠道,测定肠道长度、形态,收取盲肠食糜,利用16S rRNA测序和全局精准非靶向代谢组学分析了肉鸡HF和LF盲肠微生物和小分子代谢物差异并进行关联分析。【结果】(1)与LF组相比,HF组的日增重显著降低(P<0.05),FCR显著升高(P<0.05),空肠长度显著降低(P<0.05),直肠长度显著升高(P<0.05),空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比显著降低(P<0.05)。(2)与LF组相比,HF组的Chao1、Shannon、Observed_species、Faith_pd指数显著降低(P<0.05),HF与LF组β多样性差异显著(P<0.05)。LF组LDA值大于3的差异属有:布劳特氏菌属_A、巴恩斯氏菌、马西利亚斯特科尔氏菌属、乳头杆属、光冈菌属、副鼠杆菌、UBA738。HF组LDA值大于3的差异属有:脱硫弧菌属、拟普雷沃氏菌属、肠单胞菌属。(3)筛选到32个差异代谢物,其中去氨酪氨酸、β-胡萝卜素、6-磷酸甘露糖等差异倍数较大。在这些差异代谢物中脂肪酰基、苯及取代衍生物比较多。(4)与FCR值显著相关的微生物(P<0.05)有:乳杆菌属、布劳特氏菌属_A、副鼠杆菌。与FCR值显著相关的代谢物(P<0.05)有:苯乙胺、β-胡萝卜素、抗生素JI-20A、反式-肉桂酸甲酯、黄嘌呤核苷、3-甲氧基邻氨基苯甲酸酯、邻苯二甲酸、烟酰胺、γ-L-谷氨酰-D-丙氨酸、5-硝基-2-(3-苯丙胺)苯甲酸、对羟基苯丙酸、1-棕榈酰甘油磷脂酰胆碱、磷酸胆碱。代谢物γ-L-谷氨酰-D-�【Objective】Feed Conversion Rate(FCR)is an important economic trait index in livestock and poultry production.Through the analysis of intestinal flora and small molecular metabolites,the factors affecting the regulation of FCR in broilers were explored.【Method】Good health condition,the same batch of 0-day-old Jatropha curcas chicks were selected,free to feed and drink.At 57 days of age,500 males with normal development and similar body weight((2374.96±214.39)g)were selected and transferred to the assay house,with an acclimatization period of 3 days.The official assay was performed at 60 days of age,with an experimental period of 18 days,and 20 birds with high feed conversion rate(HF)and low feed conversion rate(LF)were selected for slaughtering at the marketable age(78 days of age),respectively,based on the results of the automated feeding system.Twenty birds with HF and LF were selected for slaughter at the market age(78 days old)according to the results of the automatic feeding system.Chicken intestines were isolated for determination of intestinal morphology,while cecal chow was harvested for joint analysis of microbial and small molecule metabolite differences between the HF and LF cecums of broiler chickens and correlation analyses using 16S rRNA sequencing and globally precise non-targeted metabolomics.【Result】(1)Compared with the LF group,the daily weight gain in HF group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the FCR was significantly increased(P<0.05),the jejunal length was significantly decreased(P<0.05),rectal length was significantly increased(P<0.05),and jejunal villus height/crypt depth ratio was significantly decreased(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the LF group,Chao1,Shannon,Observed_species,and Faith_pd indices were significantly decreased in the HF group(P<0.05).The difference in compositional structure between HF and LF was large(P<0.05).Genera with LDA values greater than 3 in the LF group were Blautia_A,Barnesiella,Massilistercora,Papillibacter,Mitsuokella,Paramuribaculum,and UBA738.

关 键 词：肉鸡 饲料转化率 16S rRNA 肠道微生物 代谢物 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S85[农业科学—兽医学]