博士生知识提升的影响因素分析  

An Analysis of the Factors Influencing Doctoral Students’Knowledge Enhancement

作　　者：赵世奎 高凌云 吴彬 ZHAO Shikui;GAO Lingyun;WU Bin(School of Public Administration,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Beijing Academy of Educational Sciences,Beijing 100036,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学公共管理学院,北京100191 [2]北京教育科学研究院,北京100036

出　　处：《研究生教育研究》2025年第2期34-42,共9页Journal of Graduate Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“面向国家重大需求的研究生教育治理体系研究”(72134001);国家自然科学基金面上项目“超大规模博士教育治理的路径和机制研究”(72074015)。

摘　　要：知识是博士生进行科研活动的支撑,也是衡量博士生科研能力的指标,其提升的过程受组织、个体因素影响,提升效果也将影响博士生科研产出结果。基于2022年度“全国博士毕业生调查”项目的分析,结果表明:博士生的专业知识及跨学科知识的提升在学科类型、导学关系、学校类型等方面具有显著差异。同时,专业知识及跨学科知识的提升对博士生的科研产出也具有显著正向影响。基于这一结果,在博士生培养环节,建议在培养方式上加强完善集体指导制度,考核方式上加强导师指导的过程考核、优化基于学科的分类考核模式,组织支持上搭建跨学科交流的平台。在未来研究中,可以通过博士生的知识内化分析博士生的成长发展过程。Knowledge is the support for doctoral students to carry out research activities and an index to measure the scientific research ability of doctoral students.The process of its enhancement is influenced by organizational and individual factors,and the effect of its enhancement will also influence the research performance and outcomes of doctoral students.The analysis based on the 2022 National Survey of Doctoral Graduates shows that doctoral students’growth in expertise and interdisciplinary knowledge varies significantly by discipline,supervisor-student relationship,and school type.Meanwhile,the increase in expertise and interdisciplinary knowledge demonstrates a significant positive effect on the research outcomes of doctoral students.Based on the above results,this paper suggests that in doctoral training,we should strengthen and perfect the collective guidance system;in evaluation methods,we should strengthen the evaluation of supervisors’guidance process and optimize discipline-based and classified evaluation modes;and in terms of institutional support,we should build a platform for interdisciplinary exchange.In future research,we can use the knowledge internalization as a tool to analyze the growth and development of doctoral students.

关 键 词：专业知识 跨学科知识 科研产出 异质性影响 博士生 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]