基于PSFR模型的甘肃省湟水流域生态安全评估  

Ecological security assessment for the Huangshui Basin of Gansu based on the PSFR model

作　　者：王乃亮 孙旭伟 陶伟 王潇 魏婧 李惠平 WANG Nai-liang;SUN Xu-wei;TAO Wei;WANG Xiao;WEI Jing;LI Hui-ping(Gansu Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences,Lanzhou 730030,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省生态环境科学设计研究院,甘肃兰州730030 [2]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092

出　　处：《环境生态学》2025年第3期25-33,73,共10页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：甘肃省科技厅重点研发专项“甘肃省生态保护红线区人类干扰活动智能监测技术研究与示范”(24YFFA051);软科学专项“黄河上游甘南地区生物多样性调查与旗舰种适宜生境评估研究”(25JRZA048)资助。

摘　　要：以减少流域生态压力、规避生态风险、提供生态治理措施为出发点,采用压力-状态-功能-响应(PSFR)评估模型,建立多层次评估体系,对甘肃省湟水流域生态安全进行综合评估。具体结论如下:PSFR模型可较为全面地对甘肃省湟水流域的生态安全做出评估,压力(P)、状态(S)、功能(F)和响应(R)专项指标ESI评估结果分别为50.4、50.7、43.5和60.2,生态环境和社会经济发展对评估流域生态安全具有一定程度威胁。具体体现为河段内水源地水质良好,饮用水服务功能(F_(1))较好,流域生态系统服务功能以供给功能为主。江河纵向连通性变差,流域底栖动物种类相对较少,水源其他涵养能力(F_(2))相对较弱。此外,需注意耕地开垦造成了土壤侵蚀指数(P 2-3)升高,流域C、N污染物的排放会对流域环境具有潜在压力。P、S、F和R 4个指标层面的评估因子之间存在关联性,确定造成生态安全压力的关键因子,厘清各因子之间的相互影响关系,是改善流域的生态安全状况的有效措施之一。To mitigate ecological pressure on the watershed,avoid ecological risks,and establish effective ecological management measures,we employed the Pressure-State-Function-Response(PSFR)assessment model to develop a multi-level evaluation system for the ecological security of the Huangshui Basin in Gansu Province.The comprehensive assessment yielded the following specific conclusions:The PSFR model provides a holistic evaluation of the ecological security of the Huangshui Basin,assessing the indices for pressure(P),state(S),function(F),and response(R)as follows:ESI scores were 50.4,50.7,43.5,and 60.2,respectively.These findings suggest that both the ecological environment and socio-economic development pose a certain degree of threat to the basin s ecological security.Specifically,water quality in the river section is deemed satisfactory,with the drinking water service function(F_(1))also rated positively;However,the watershed s ecosystem service function is primarily characterized by supply functions.Concerns have arisen regarding the deterioration of vertical connectivity in the river,a decline in benthic fauna diversity,and the water source s limited capacity to assimilate additional nutrients(F_(2)).Furthermore,it is important to note that cultivated land reclamation has led to an increase in the soil erosion index(P 2-3),while the discharge of carbon and nitrogen pollutants in the watershed presents potential pressures on the environment.There exists a correlation among the assessment factors across the four indices of P,S,F,and R.Identifying the key factors contributing to ecological security pressures and elucidating the interactions among these factors are essential strategies for enhancing the ecological security of the watershed.

关 键 词：湟水流域 生态安全评估 流域水生态系统 压力-状态-功能-响应(PSFR)指标体系 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]