尚秉和易学之易象问题再探  

Further Research on the Image-related Issue in Shang Binghe's Scholarship on the Changes

作　　者：王雷 WANG Lei

机构地区：[1]山东大学易学与中国古代哲学研究中心,山东济南250100 [2]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《周易研究》2025年第1期68-73,共6页Studies of Zhouyi

摘　　要：易象问题是尚秉和易学的难点,这一难点集中于“易林之辞,无一字不从象生”这句话上。从字面意思看,辞和象应该是一一对应的关系,但在尚氏的易学著作中,相同的辞并非都用相同的象来表达,因此,人们认为尚氏此言过于绝对化。其实,尚氏对于象辞关系的理解有其独特之处。首先,尚氏认为象和辞具有层次性,这植根于其阴阳观。其次,尚氏对于辞的认识,突出地表现为辞意的扩充,这主要体现在其复象的取象方法上。再次,尚氏通过察象、观象发现辞所指之象的变化在不同卦画之间具有特殊意义,这表现在其取象方法上即此象彼意。最后,尚氏对于辞与象关系的判定展现出卦象的收缩和辞所指之象的相对稳定性,即象形引申。基于以上几点,尚氏解决了复辞异象的问题。尚氏处理象辞问题的方案具有创造性,但也缺乏逻辑的严谨性。The image-related issue is a difficult point in Shang Binghe’s(1870‒1950)scholarship on the Changes,which is centered on his statement that“no word in the Forest of the Changes is not derived from image(s)”.In a literal way,it means the words and im⁃ages should be a one-to-one correspondence,but in Shang’s works related to Changes,same words are not all expressed by identi⁃cal images.Therefore,his statement is considered as too absolute.In fact,there is something unique in Shang’s understanding of the relationship between the images and the words.First,he believed that the images and words are layered,which was rooted in his views of yin and yang.Second,Shang’s understanding of words is highlighted by the expansion of the meaning of words,which is mainly reflected in his method of taking image of fuxiang(same images in different hexagrams).Third,through observing images,Shang found that the changes of images have different special significance in different hexagrams,which is shown as the same image has different meanings in his methodology.Finally,the correlation between the words and the images shows the contraction of hexa⁃gram images and the relative stability of the image referred to by words,i.e.,image derivation.Based on the above points,Shang solved the problem of fuci yixiang(same words with different images).Shang’s approach to the correspondences between images and words is creative,but with a lack of logic rigor.

关 键 词：易象 此象彼意 以象合卦 复辞异象 

分 类 号：B249.9[哲学宗教—中国哲学]