请以声衍:方以智对邵雍“小衍”的阐发  

Using Sheng Yan:Fang Yizhi's Elucidation of Shao Yong's “Xiao Yan”

作　　者：刘元青 冯佳 LIU Yuan-qing;FENG Jia

机构地区：[1]湖北大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《周易研究》2025年第1期74-85,共12页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：国家社科基金项目:“明清儒学转型中的方以智经典诠释思想研究”(20BZX067)。

摘　　要：邵雍以“五”为小衍之数,把“其一不用”看成超越之体,以此推演太极与物象之间的关系。方以智认为邵雍“示五而万备矣”,他以“声衍”的方式,将小衍应用于探求字音的发声规律。其理论创见主要有四点:一是以“旋四藏五”来说明中五之声与汉字本声的关系,并试图制定一种可以会通《西儒耳目资》和悉昙字母的新门法。二是根据小衍法中的“四分用三”说,提出“古通一韵”的古韵观。三是创造性地发展了先秦以来的纳音法,他称《管子》的五行五音说只是“初配位图”。四是将小衍约为“一在二中”,从而建立“因声起义”的经典诠释法以及“道寓于艺”的新型道器关系。在哲学上,方以智从心即太极、因声起义和必用外智等三个方面修正了阳明心学。Shao Yong(1012-1077)took“five”as the number of xiao yan(small expansion),and regarded“the One of them which is not used”as the transcendent noumenon,so as to deduce the relationship between Taiji(Supreme Ultimate)and images of objects.Fang Yizhi(1611-1671)believed Shan Yong“stressed number Five yet everything is included”,and in the way of sheng yan(sound expansion),he applies xiao yan to explore the regulation of sound.His theoretical innovations include:first,using“xuan si cang wu”(circulation of Four with Five hidden in the center)to illustrate the relationship between the sound of the central five and the initial pronunciation of the character,and attempt to formulate a new method that can connect Xi Ru Er Mu Zi(A Help to Western Scholars written by Nicolas Trigault)and siddham letters;Second,based on the theory of“using three parts among four”in xiao yan,he put forward the ancient rhyme theory of“sound could all connect to one rhyme in ancient times”;Third,he creatively devel⁃oped the na yin(correlating music notes to the sexagenary combinations of heavenly stems and earthly branches)method since the pre-Qin period,he claimed that the theory of Five Agents and five tones in Guan zi was only the primary stage of the correspon⁃dence between position and sound;Fourth,Fang Yizhi simplified xiao yan to“the One is in two”,thus established a classic interpre⁃tive method of“elucidating meaning based on sound”and a new relationship of Dao and utensils—“Dao is embodied in utensils.”In terms of philosophy,Fang Yizhi revised Wang Yangming’s(1472—1529)heart-mind theory from three aspects,namely,the heart-mind is Taiji,the meaning of Confucian classics comes from the sound of words and external wisdom must be used.

关 键 词：方以智 声衍 邵雍 小衍 音韵 纳音 一在二中 

分 类 号：B248.93[哲学宗教—中国哲学]