日本易学中的“三十六变筮法”考论  

On “Thirty-six Changes in the Method of Divination” in Japanese Yijing Studies

作　　者：廖娟 LIAO Juan

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学院,天津300350

出　　处：《周易研究》2025年第1期94-101,共8页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划项目(TJZX21-006)。

摘　　要：清代易学家毛奇龄认为,在揲蓍成卦的过程中,十八变所得仅为“内卦之小成”,宜“引伸推类”以及于“重卦之大成”。毛氏此说未及展开,但传到日本后对日本学者产生了重要影响。皆川淇园坚信十八变仅成一卦三画,户崎允明亦有类似言论,但二人均未详细说明行蓍的具体过程。直到日本明治时期,根本通明才发展出一套完整的“《周易》复古三十六变筮法”。其具体做法是:分挂揲扐,操作六次,将初变与四变、二变与五变、三变与六变的挂扐之策相加,得出三个和数,根据三个和数的奇偶组合情况判定阴阳,如此得一爻。反复六次,共计三十六变,而得六爻。就实际效果而言,改十八变为三十六变,步骤更繁琐,不符合筮法发展逐步简化的趋势。然而,这毕竟是易学的一次理论创新,反映了以毛奇龄为代表的清代易学在东亚的传播、发展与深化,体现了中日两国在易学研究上的深度互动。Mao Qiling(1623-1716),a Yijing scholar in the Qing dynasty,believed that in the process of forming hexagrams through yarrow-stake divination,the one obtained by eighteen changes was only“a small completion of the inner trigram”,and it was appropriate to“extend and deduce”to“complete the doubling of trigrams”.Although Mao did not fully elaborate his theory,it had a significant impact on Japanese scholars after it spreaded to Japan.Minagawa Kien(1734-1807)firmly believes that eighteen changes can only make one trigram with three lines.Tozaki Tan'en also has similar statements,but neither of them has provided a detailed ex⁃planation of the specific process of making divination.It was not until the Meiji period(1868-1912)in Japan that Nemoto Tsumei de⁃veloped a complete set of“Old Yi Divination Method of Thirty-six Changes”.The specific stages are:dangling and clamping stalks,operating six times,adding the hanging stalks of the initial and fourth changes,the second and fifth changes,and the third and sixth changes to get three sums.Based on the odd or even combination of the three sums,determine yin or yang,and thus get a line.Re⁃peating six times,a total of thirty-six changes are obtained and six lines are obtained.In terms of actual effect,changing from 18 changes to 36 changes is more complicated and does not conform to the trend of gradually simplifying of divination methods.How⁃ever,this is ultimately a theoretical innovation of the Changes scholarship,reflecting the spread,development,and deepening of Changes scholarship in the Qing dynasty(1636-1912)represented by Mao Qiling in East Asia,and reflecting the deep interaction be⁃tween China and Japan in Yijig studies.

关 键 词：毛奇龄 皆川淇园 根本通明 三十六变筮法 日本易学 

分 类 号：B259.9[哲学宗教—中国哲学]