口述史研究的两个理论视角:记忆与叙事——兼评口述史的专业化与非专业化之间的张力  

Two Theoretical Perspectives in Oral History:Memory and Narration,as well as on Tension between Specialization and Non-specialization in Oral History

作　　者：刘亚秋 Liu Yaqiu(Institute of Sociology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院社会学研究所

出　　处：《开放时代》2025年第2期114-126,M0007,共14页Open Times

基　　金：中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划(项目编号:DF2023ZD25)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在口述史方法被跨学科、跨领域广泛使用时,其专业化问题成为该学科能否得到进一步发展的关键。口述史的专业化不仅涉及如何做口述史等实践问题,还涉及如何从更深层次看待口述史料的理论和方法论等问题,后者决定了口述史料的质量。而以记忆和叙事为理论视角,有助于对后一个问题展开深入讨论。从记忆理论的集体记忆范式和文化记忆范式的张力中,可以看到口述记忆与文字记忆的重要差异,这为反思口述史料的局限性提供了必要的理论基础;从叙事理论的形式与内容的张力中,可以看到形式为口述史料的解释提供了专业化视角,而口述史料中的细节/内容的力量亦不可忽视。强调记忆和叙事的理论视角,不仅可以深化口述史研究的专业化程度,而且有助于推进广义上的质性研究。As the oral history method is widely used across disciplines and fields,the issue of its specialization has become crucial for its further development.The specialization of oral history not only involves practical issues such as how to conduct oral history,but also deeper theoretical and methodological questions about how to view oral historical materials.The latter determines the quality of the recorded materials.Adopting memory and narrative as theoretical perspectives helps to delve into the latter issue.From the tension between the collective memory paradigm and the cultural memory paradigm in memory theory,significant differences between oral memory and written memory can be observed,providing a necessary theoretical foundation for reflecting on the limitations of oral historical materials.From the tension between form and content in narrative theory,it can be seen that form provides a specialized perspective for the interpretation of oral historical materials,while the power of content should not be overlooked.Emphasizing the theoretical perspectives of memory and narrative can not only deepen the specialization of oral history research,but also help advance qualitative research in a broader sense.

关 键 词：口述史 专业化 叙事分析 记忆理论 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]