国家、阶级与世界革命——从20世纪20年代关于国家主义的争论谈起  

State,Class,and World Revolution:the Debate of nationalism in the 1920s

作　　者：刘琪[1] Liu Qi(Shanghai Academy of Global Governance and Area Studies,Shanghai International Studies University)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学上海全球治理与区域国别研究院

出　　处：《开放时代》2025年第2期127-139,M0007,共14页Open Times

基　　金：上海市教育委员会“曙光计划”项目“从‘中华民族’到‘中华民族共同体’:理论脉络及世界意义”(项目编号:23SG27);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中国近代边疆学术史资料整理与研究”(项目编号:22JZD035)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在现代民族-国家建设之路上,国家性质及其定位始终是每个国家需要处理的核心问题。本文将对20世纪20年代发生在中国思想界的国家主义之争进行梳理,由此明确我们如何踏上区别于西方国家的现代国家建设之路。本文首先介绍国家主义者的相关论述,接下来着重讨论新兴的共产党人对国家主义者的批驳,进而结合孙中山及无政府主义者的观点,讨论这场争论的核心命题所在。本文指出,国家主义思潮在中国的产生有其必然性,而共产党人意识到了国家作为目的所蕴含的深刻危机,并从阶级立场与世界革命的视角出发,对其进行了全面的批评。这次论战可被视为中国明确自身建国之路的起点,并在国家与民族、国家与阶级、国家与世界等核心问题上奠定了中国式现代化道路的基石。In the process of modern nation-building,the nature and positioning of the state have always been the core issue.This article summarizes the debate of nationalism in the 1920s in China,in order to explain how we stepped into our unique road of nation-building.We start by introducing the arguments of the nationalists,then focus our attention on the refutations put forth by the emerging Communists,in combination with the views of Sun Yat-sen and the anarchists,to clarify the essential points in the debate.We try to point out that the emergence of nationalism in China was an inevitability.The Communists were keenly aware of the profound crisis in the state as the goal,and cast criticism from the standpoint of class and cosmopolitanism.This debate,arguably the starting point of the nation-building process in China,has laid the foundation of Chinese style modernization with special reference to the relationships between state and nation,state and class,state and the world,as well as other core issues.

关 键 词：国家主义 醒狮派 共产主义 阶级 世界主义 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]