数字难民研究:概念、议程和本土启示  

Digital Refugee Research:Concepts,Agendas and Implications for China

作　　者：朱政德 胡泳[1] Zhu Zhengde;Hu Yong(School of Journalism&Communication,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学新闻与传播学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2025年第2期203-223,M0010,共22页Open Times

摘　　要：数字技术加剧了人类社会的不稳定性,难民、公民的边界愈益模糊,造就了规模递增的数字难民。由此,源自未来学、科学技术学的数字难民研究相继兴起:前者因逐渐暴露煽动道德恐慌情绪的意图而被国际学界抛弃,但在中国不减其热度;后者在晚近跃居国际学术热点,被联合国难民事务高级专员公署等人道主义组织应用于救灾现场的人道传播,但在中国缺乏共鸣。受未来学的束缚,中国数字难民研究窄化了对数字难民的界定,秉持半批判性思维审视数字素养和数字包容,同时陷入证实偏差,形成了内眷于年龄、技术变量间的单调议程。国际数字难民研究的展开则紧扣“具体个体或群体丧失保障公民基本权利的条件”这一触发社会脆弱性的复杂过程,揭示出数字难民具有“难民的数字化”和“数字化的难民”双重内涵,归纳了数字难民的生成和互化机制。本文认为,中国数字难民研究可借鉴数字难民的科学技术学定义,回归本土的灾难事件以突破未来学视域,构建替代性理论框架。Since the precariousness of human society has been exacerbated by digital technology,the boundaries between refugees and citizens have become increasingly blurred,spawning digital refugees on an expanding scale.Consequently,digital refugee research originating from futurology and S&TS emerged.The futurologist approach was abandoned by the international academia due to its gradual exposure of the intention to incite moral panic,but it hasn't lost its popularity in China;The S&TS approach has recently become an international academic hotspot,gaining support from humanitarian organizations such as the UNHCR,and affecting humanitarian communication in global disaster-relief practices,but it lacks resonance in China.Bounded by futurology,Chinese digital refugee research has narrowly defined its concepts,adhered to semi-critical thinking when scrutinizing digital literacy and digital inclusiveness,and fallen into a confirmatory bias,resulting in a monotonous agenda involuting between age and technology variables.By contrast,international digital refugee research focuses on complex processes of stimulating social vulnerability,i.e.the loss of conditions for guaranteeing basic civil rights by specific individuals or groups.It reveals that the concept of“digital refugees”has dual connotations of“digitalization of refugees”and“refugees of digitalization”,thus expanding pertinent agendas to a broader horizon and summarizing mechanisms of digital refugees'generation and conversion.This paper suggests that the Chinese academia can draw upon the S&TS definition of digital refugees and return to disaster events in China,in order to rid the futurology horizon and construct an alternative theoretical framework.

关 键 词：数字难民 数字技术 灾难 人道传播 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]