恶性胸膜间皮瘤治疗的研究现状与展望  

Research status and prospects of treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma

作　　者：赵锴乐 王磊[1] 耿健雄 崔成伟 于雁[1] ZHAO Kaile;WANG Lei;GENG Jianxiong;CUI Chengwei;YU Yan(Respiratory Medicine,Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150000,Heilongjiang Province,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院呼吸内科,黑龙江哈尔滨150000

出　　处：《中国癌症杂志》2025年第3期326-332,共7页China Oncology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82373041);黑龙江省发展和改革委员会重点项目(2112-230000-04-05-388351)。

摘　　要：恶性胸膜间皮瘤(malignant pleural mesothelioma,MPM)的发生主要与石棉接触史有关,主要特点为恶性程度高、死亡率高、预后差。目前治疗MPM的手段有限、效果不甚理想,导致MPM患者的中位总生存期(overall survival,OS)仅为1年左右。现有治疗手段(包括手术、放疗、化疗、免疫治疗和靶向治疗等)在不断发展,为MPM患者带来了新的希望。TNM分期为早期的MPM患者可行手术治疗,能够提高生存率和改善生活质量。但目前MPM的最佳手术方式仍然存在争议。除了手术,放疗也是MPM治疗中的重要一环。放疗通常用于疾病的预防性治疗或疾病晚期时缓解局部症状,并且放疗也可作为手术的新辅助、辅助治疗手段。对于经全身治疗后出现局部进展或孤立的远处转移的患者,放疗是一种可行的选择。随着调强适形放疗(intensity-modulated radiotherapy,IMRT)和容积弧形调强放疗(volumetric intensity-modulated arc therapy,VMAT)等新型放疗技术的出现,显著提高了放疗的精准性和治疗效果,减少了正常组织的损伤。另有粒子植入可以缓解疼痛或作为局部补充治疗。化疗仍是MPM的标准治疗手段,培美曲塞联合铂类药物被广泛应用于一线治疗,并能显著延长患者的生存期,然而临床上常用的二线治疗方案效果都不甚理想。免疫治疗近几年发展迅猛,纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹木单抗的双免疫疗法在临床疗效及安全性方面展现出优势。免疫治疗联合化疗的方案也明显延长了患者的中位生存期,现已有多项临床试验表明,免疫治疗联合化疗可使患者获益。MPM现有的靶向药物多针对血管生成,其中贝伐珠单抗与化疗的联合奠定了其一线治疗的地位,相关研究表明,雷莫芦单抗和甲磺酸阿帕替尼具有一定的疗效及安全性。除了临床常见治疗方案外,UV1癌症疫苗联合双免疫治疗为患者带来了福音。嵌合抗原受体T(chimeric antigen receptorMalignant pleural mesothelioma(MPM)is strongly associated with a history of asbestos exposure and is characterized by high malignancy,high mortality,and poor prognosis.Current treatments for MPM are limited and generally suboptimal,resulting in a median overall survival(OS)of approximately one year for MPM patients.However,advancements in treatment options,including surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,immunotherapy and targeted therapy,have brought new hope to patients with MPM.For early-stage MPM patients categorized under the TNM staging system,surgical treatment is feasible and can improve survival rates and quality of life.However,there is still debate regarding the optimal surgical approach for MPM.In addition to surgery,radiotherapy plays a vital role in MPM treatment.It is often used as prophylactic treatment or for alleviating local symptoms in advanced stages.Radiotherapy can also serve as neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy in surgical contexts.For patients experiencing local progression or isolated distant metastases after systemic treatment,radiotherapy is a viable option.The advent of advanced radiotherapy techniques,such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)and volumetric intensity-modulated arc therapy(VMAT),has significantly improved the precision and efficacy of radiotherapy while minimizing damage to healthy tissues.Furthermore,brachytherapy can relieve pain or act as a localized supplemental therapy.Chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for MPM.The combination of pemetrexed and platinum-based drugs is widely applied as first-line therapy and has been shown to significantly extend survival.However,commonly used second-line regimens often yield suboptimal results.In recent years,immunotherapy has developed rapidly.Dual immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab has demonstrated impressive clinical efficacy and safety.The combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy has also notably extended patients'median survival.Multiple clinical trials have confirmed that this combination therapy benefi

关 键 词：恶性胸膜间皮瘤 内科治疗 免疫治疗 靶向治疗 肿瘤疫苗治疗 嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法 

分 类 号：R734.3[医药卫生—肿瘤]