“仕”之梦在南洋的延续——从“取仕”之道考察东南亚孔庙学堂运动的实质  

The Continuation of the Dream of"Shi"(Scholar-officials)in Southeast Asia:A Survey of the Essence of the Confucian Temple-school Movement in Southeast Asia from the Path of"Official Selection through Imperial Examinations"

作　　者：钟善盈 [马来西亚]郑文泉[1] ZHONG Shan-ying;TEE Boon-chuan(Malaysia)(Institute of Chinese Studies,Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman,Kajang 43000,Malaysia;College of International Education,Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158,China)

机构地区：[1]马来西亚拉曼大学中华研究院,马来西亚加影43000 [2]海南师范大学国际教育学院,海南海口571158

出　　处：《海南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期131-140,共10页Journal of Hainan Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“中华优秀家风文化涵育新时代乡风文明研究”(24YJC710072);河南省哲学社会科学教育强省研究项目“建设中华民族现代文明视域下中华优良家风文化传承发展研究”(2025JYQS1313)。

摘　　要：庙学制在东南亚的传播主要体现在1901-1912年的东南亚孔庙学堂运动。南洋士人阶层的兴起尤其是左秉隆、黄遵宪、吴寿珍及邱菽园等人通过会贤社、图南社、丽泽社、乐善社等文社对士人阶层的凝聚及交流发挥了不可估量的作用,为东南亚孔庙学堂运动的发生打下了坚实的思想基础。透过“科举”与“捐纳”这两种南洋“取士”之道及孔庙学堂运动之章程观察到:这场运动不是一场民间的“孔教运动”,而是具有官方色彩的“孔庙学堂运动”,是中国科举这一体制文化在东南亚的传播和移植,是传统中国士阶层的仕途梦在南洋的延续。在此过程中折射的南洋华人对中华文化的认同,对当前中外文化交流及互鉴有着重要的借鉴意义。The spread of the temple-school system in Southeast Asia was mainly evident in the Confucian temple-school movement in Southeast Asia from 1901—1912.The rise of the scholar class in Nanyang,especially figures such as Zuo Binglong,Huang Zunxian,Wu Shouzhen,and Qiu Shuyuan,played an immeasurable role in the cohesion and exchange of the scholar class through cultural societies like Hui Xian Society,Tu Nan Society,Li Ze Society,and Le Shan Society,thus laying a solid ideological foundation for the occurrence of the Confucian templeschool movement in Southeast Asia.Through the two ways of"official selection"in Southeast Asia,namely the"imperial examinations"and"donations",as well as the regulations of the Confucian Temple-school Movement,this movement is,as is observed,not a folk"Confucian education movement",but an official one,which is the dissemination and transplantation of the Chinese imperial examination system culture in Southeast Asia,as well as the continuation of the traditional Chinese scholar class's dream of an official career in Southeast Asia.The recognition of the Chinese culture by the Chinese in Southeast Asia reflected in this process has important reference significance for the current cultural exchanges and mutual learning between China and foreign countries.

关 键 词：孔庙学堂运动 士阶层 捐纳 “仕”之梦 中国古代庙学制 东南亚 

分 类 号：K205[历史地理—历史学]