中国现代医学的建立与发展  

The establishment and development of modern medicine in China

作　　者：张大庆[1,2] ZHANG Daqing(Peking University,Center for the History and Philosophy of Science,Beijing 100091,China;Peking University,School of Health Humanities,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学科学史与科学哲学研究中心,北京100091 [2]北京大学医学人文学院,北京100091

出　　处：《新兴科学和技术趋势》2024年第4期361-370,共10页

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(20&ZD224)。

摘　　要：本文将中国现代医学的建立与发展历程分为四个阶段:西方医学的传入、现代医学体系的初创、现代医学体系的改革与完善,以及当代医学面临的挑战。文章指出明末清初耶稣会士的医书编译对西方医学在中国传播的影响有限,19世纪初的牛痘接种和外科技术的引入,西医才逐渐获得国人认可。19世纪末至20世纪初,随着医学教育、卫生行政和学术团体的建立与发展,中国的现代医学体系初步建立。1949年中华人民共和国成立后,国家在医疗服务、公共卫生、医疗保障等方面制度日渐完善,人民的健康水平不断提升。1978年改革开放后,中国现代医学发展迅速,但同时面临新的挑战,“健康中国”战略的实施为中国医学的未来发展提供了新的方向。This article outlines the development of modern medicine in China into four key stages:the introduction of western medicine,the initial establishment of a modern medical system,its subsequent reform and refinement,and the challenges faced by contemporary medicine.The influence of Jesuit missionaries’medical book translations in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties on the spread of western medicine in China was limited.It was not until the early 19th century,with the introduction of smallpox vaccination and surgical techniques,that western medicine gradually gained acceptance among the Chinese.By the late 19th and early 20th centuries,the foundation of China’s modern medical system was laid with the development of medical education,health administration,and professional medical organizations.Following the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the government implemented systematic improvements in healthcare services,public health,and medical insurance,leading to significant advancements in public health and overall well-being.After the reform and opening-up in 1978,modern medicine in China developed rapidly,though new challenges emerged.The implementation of the“Healthy China”strategy has provided a roadmap for the future development of medicine in the country.

关 键 词：中国现代医学 西方医学 卫生体制演变 

分 类 号：R-092[医药卫生]