城市防灾“留白”空间系统构建及量化研究  

Research on the Systematic Construction and Quantification of the"Reserved"Space for Urban Disaster Prevention

作　　者：杨雅婷 郭小东[1,2] 王威[1,2] 柴钰晗 顾建波 YANG Yating;GUO Xiaodong;WANG Wei;CHAI Yuhan;GU Jianbo(College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Institute of Earthquake Resistance and Disaster Reduction,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;College of Urban Construction,Hebei Normal University of Science&Technology,Qinhuangdao 066004,China;China Architecture Design&Research Group,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学建筑与城市规划学院,北京100124 [2]北京工业大学抗震减灾研究所,北京100124 [3]河北科技师范学院城市建设学院,河北秦皇岛066000 [4]中国建筑设计研究院有限公司,北京100044

出　　处：《灾害学》2025年第2期39-45,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“复合灾害情景下城市应急服务设施系统协同鲁棒优化与防灾韧性提升”(52278472);北京市自然科学基金项目“防灾韧性驱动的复合灾害适应性城市应急服务设施系统优化配置研究”(8232004);2024年度河北省社会科学发展研究课题“河北省洪涝灾害韧性动态评价及优化策略研究”(202403086);河北省高等学校人文社会科学研究项目“河北省城市韧性评价分析及提升策略研究”(SQ2023067)。

摘　　要：为了应对目前城市防灾减灾规划在面临应急需求和灾害风险双重不确定性时展现的适应性不足,该研究提出城市防灾“留白”空间的概念。首先,明晰了城市防灾“留白”空间的基本内涵及系统构成;其次,基于灾后城市服务和居民生活质量需求,从“留什么”“留多少”“留在哪”三个方面提出了城市防灾“留白”空间具体的量化及布局方法;最后,以某城市应急避难“留白”空间为例,进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,科学地布局防灾“留白”空间能够在兼顾经济成本的同时,为未来可能遇到的超设防水准灾害预留余地。Urban disaster prevention and mitigation planning currently faces the issue of insufficient adaptability when con⁃fronted with the dual uncertainties arising from emergency needs and disaster risks.To address this issue,the concept of the“re⁃served”space for urban disaster prevention is proposed.First,the basic concept and system composition of the“reserved”space for urban disaster prevention are clarified.Second,based on the needs of urban services and the quality of life of residents post-disaster,methods for scale quantification and layout positioning are proposed from three aspects:what to reserve,how much to reserve,and where to reserve.Third,a case study on the layout of urban emergency shelter“reserved”space is con⁃ducted to analyze the proposed methods.The findings indicate that the scientific layout of the“reserved”space for disaster pre⁃vention can deal with future disasters that may exceed the fortification level while considering economic costs.

关 键 词：防灾“留白”空间 量化研究 适宜性评价 需求预测 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5