基于复杂适应系统的自然灾害应急组织协调机制研究——以甘肃积石山6.2级地震应对为例  

Research on the Emergency Organization Coordination Mechanism for Natural Disasters Based on Complex Adaptive Systems:A Case Study of the Coping with Gansu Jishishan Earthquake

作　　者：周文光[1] 张雨婷 ZHOU Wenguang;ZHANG Yuting(School of Public Administration(School of Emergency Management),Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学公共管理学院(应急管理学院),陕西西安710127

出　　处：《灾害学》2025年第2期88-94,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：陕西省2023年度应急管理科技创新研究课题项目“加强基层应急管理体系和能力建设研究”(2023HZ1548)。

摘　　要：自然灾害的复杂演化对应急组织协调性提出了更高要求,研究自然灾害应急组织协调网络的动态适应性变化具有重要意义。该文基于复杂适应系统理论,构建“灾害感知—目标驱动—应急响应—组织协调”自然灾害应急组织协调机制分析框架,以甘肃积石山6.2级地震为例,运用社会网络分析方法,探究自然灾害应急组织协调机制。研究发现:①灾害感知后不同阶段的关键应对目标具有差异性,且随自然灾害演变进行调整;②自然灾害应对过程中应急组织网络通过跨层级协调结构来提高网络适应性;③应急组织网络中存在中心组织,不同阶段中心组织具有差异性;④应急组织网络中存在结构洞,不同阶段占据结构洞的应急组织具有差异性。据此本研究提出以目标驱动为核心的自然灾害应急组织协调机制实现路径。The complex evolution of natural disasters imposes higher demands on the coordination of emergency orga-nizations and studying the dynamic adaptability of hatural disaster emergency organization coordination networks is of great signifcance.Based on the theory of Complex Adaplive System,the research framework of coordinating mechanism includ-ing“disaster perception-goal drive-emergency response-organizational coordination”is constructed,and by selecting the response to the M6.2 eathquake in Jishishan,Gansu Province as a case and by using social network analysis methods,the coordination mechanisms of emergency organizations in natural disasters are explored.The study finds that:①The key re-sponse goals at different stages after disaster perception are different and are adjusted as natural disasters evolve;②Emer-gency organizations improve network adaptability through cross-level coordination structures during the disaster response process;③Central organizations exist within the emergency organization network,with variations across different stages;④Structural holes exist within the emergency organization network,with diferent organizations occupying these holes at dif-ferent stages.Based on the above,a realization path is proposed for the natural disaster emergency organization coordina-tion mechanism with goal-driven at is core.

关 键 词：应急组织 协调机制 自然灾害应对 复杂适应系统 网络演化 甘肃积石山6.2级地震 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5