基于代谢组学分析施肥方式对大蒜鳞茎品质的影响  

Effects of fertilization methods on garlic bulb traits and quality based on metabolomics analysis method

作　　者：刘灿玉 张碧薇 樊继德[1] 陆信娟[1] 赵永强[1] 葛洁 杨青青 李梦倩 刘光杨 杨峰[1] LIU Can-yu;ZHANG Bi-wei;FAN Ji-de;LU Xin-juan;ZHAO Yong-qiang;GE Jie;YANG Qing-qing;LI Meng-qian;LIU Guang-yang;YANG Feng(Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221121,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所,江苏徐州221121

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第3期554-563,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：徐州市政策引导类计划(产学研合作)项目(KC22452);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(22)2023);财政部和农业农村部—国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-24-A-07);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(JATS[2023]050)。

摘　　要：【目的】代谢物是生物表型的物质基础,其种类和含量与作物营养成分组成及含量具有显著相关性,可准确反映作物营养品质。利用代谢组学技术分析施肥方式对大蒜鳞茎次生代谢物种类及含量的影响,为大蒜科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】大蒜施肥田间定位试验于2018年在江苏徐州开展,试验设4个处理,分别为不施氮肥对照(CK)、常规化肥(T1)、1/3有机氮配施2/3无机氮(T2)、全有机肥(T3)。T1、T2处理的氮素投入量相等,T3处理的氮素投入量为T1处理的1/2。2023年5月大蒜收获期,调查大蒜鳞茎性状、产量和营养品质,基于代谢组学方法分析不同施肥方式下鳞茎中差异表达的代谢物种类,以及特有差异代谢物的主要富集途径。【结果】与CK相比,T1、T2和T3处理均显著提高了大蒜鳞茎横径、纵径、单头重及一级鳞茎比例,进而显著提高产量,其中T2处理产量最高。与CK相比,3个施氮肥方式对大蒜鳞茎维生素C(Vc)含量无显著影响,但显著降低了鳞茎可溶性糖含量,T1和T2处理之间无显著差异,二者均显著低于T3处理;T1处理鳞茎可溶性蛋白含量显著下降,而T2处理显著提高了鳞茎可溶性蛋白含量;与CK相比,T2、T3处理显著提高了大蒜素含量;3个氮肥处理均显著提高了鳞茎游离氨基酸含量,其中T2处理最高,T1次之。结合PCA、聚类热图及OPLS-DA模型分析发现,不同施肥方式处理之间大蒜鳞茎代谢物种类和水平存在显著差异。基于VIP>1.0、FC>2.0或FC<0.5、P<0.05进行差异表达代谢物筛选,T1、T2、T3处理相较于CK分别筛选出44、41、20种差异表达代谢物,其中3个施氮处理共有的差异表达代谢物有15种,主要涉及到氨基酸代谢、次生代谢生物合成及氨酰-tRNA合成等。同等施氮量下,T2处理较T1处理筛选出8种差异表达代谢物,其中4种显著上调表达的代谢物主要富集在半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸生物代谢及玉米素生�【Objectives】Metabolites are the basis of biological phenotypes,and their species and contents are significantly correlated with the nutritional quality of crops.We studied the metabolites of garlic bulbs using the metabolomics technology,to provide a theoretical base for scientific nutrient management of garlic production.【Methods】A localized field garlic experiment was started since 2018 in Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province.Four treatments were used:no nitrogen fertilizer control(CK),conventional chemical fertilizer(T1),1/3 manure N combined with 2/3 chemical fertilizer N(T2),and pure manure application(T3).The total N input amount was equal in T1 and T2,and the nitrogen input in T3 was half of that in T1.At harvesting of garlic bulbs in May 2023,the appearance traits,yield and nutritional quality of garlic bulbs were investigated,and the metabolites were identified quantitatively using GC-MS,and the differential expressed metabolites were screened between treatments in pairs,based on metabolomics analysis,and their enrichment pathways were analyzed.【Results】Compared with CK,T1,T2,and T3 treatments significantly increased the horizontal diameter,vertical diameter,bulb weight and first grade bulb proportion of garlic bulbs,resulting in significantly higher yield and economic effect,and T2 was recorded the best effect among the treatments.The three fertilization treatments did not show significant effects on vitamin C(Vc)content of garlic bulbs,but reduced the soluble sugar content in bulb,and T1 and T2 treatments were recorded significantly lower soluble sugar content than T3 treatment.T1 treatment reduced,while T2 increased,the bulb soluble protein content.Both T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the allicin content.Applying nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the free amino acid content of bulbs,with the highest under T2 treatment,followed by T1.All the PCA,cluster heat map and OPLS-DA model analysis showed significant differences in garlic bulb metabolite species and levels among the fe

关 键 词：大蒜 施肥方式 鳞茎性状 营养品质 代谢组学 差异表达代谢物 富集途径 

分 类 号：S63[农业科学—蔬菜学]