半殖民体验与晚清语言现代化  

Semi-Colonial Experience and Linguistic Modernization in the Late Qing Period

作　　者：魏巍[1] Wei Wei

机构地区：[1]西南大学中国新诗研究所,重庆400715

出　　处：《文史哲》2025年第2期126-140,167,168,共17页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“半殖民处境下的中国现代文学研究”;重庆市社会科学规划项目“中国现代文学的半殖民体验研究”(2022NDYB141);西南大学创新研究2035先导计划(SWUPilotPlan016)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：与西方列强在殖民地实行法案化、强制化的语言现代化局面不同,晚清中国因半殖民体验特性,产生了异于前者的独特现代化面貌与理论自主空间。同样出于反殖立场,在晚清却萌生出两类相悖的语言方案。王照、章太炎等人坚守汉语本位的语言民族主义原则,对西方现代化话语中的殖民本质及文明等级秩序保持警惕。吴稚晖、李石曾等无政府主义者出于对文化西方的想象,主张废弃汉语、全盘世界语化,忽视了西方文化体系的殖民性与世界主义中隐含的民族主义质素,将包含殖民性的西方现代化话语误作实现大同理想的基石。西方企图以现代化与启蒙教化之名确立殖民侵略的合法性,而半殖民体验下的晚清语言现代化实践不仅批判了西方现代化话语,也为近代中国探索独特现代化理路提供了可能性。Unlike the Western powers in the colonies where linguistic modernization was legalized and enforced,the late Qing China had a unique modernization and theoretical autonomy space due to the characteristics of semi-colonial experience.Also,out of the anti-colonial standpoint,two types of contradictory language schemes emerged in the late Qing dynasty.Wang Zhao,Zhang Taiyan and others adhered to the principle of Chinese standard language nationalism and remained vigilant against colonial nature and civilizational hierarchy in Western discourse of modernization.Anarchists such as Wu Zhihui and Li Shizeng advocated“abolishing Chinese and all-out Esperanto”out of their imagination of the cultural West.The West attempted to establish the legitimacy of colonial aggression in the name of modernization and enlightenment,while the practice of“modernization”in the late Qing language under the semi-colonial experience not only criticized the Western discourse of modernization,but also provided the possibility for modern China to explore a unique path to modernization.

关 键 词：半殖民体验 语言现代化 切音字运动 世界语 欧洲中心主义 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]