1990年和2021年中国结直肠癌发病和死亡分析及其危险因素研究  

Analysis of incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in China in 1990 and 2021 and its risk factors

作　　者：马学莹 李娜 赵航[1] 强薇[2] Ma Xueying;Li Na;Zhao Hang;Qiang Wei(Labor Model Health Management Center,Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100144,China;Department of Medical Administration,Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100144,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京康复医院劳模健康管理中心,北京100144 [2]首都医科大学附属北京康复医院医务部,北京100144

出　　处：《实用肿瘤杂志》2025年第2期114-119,共6页Journal of Practical Oncology

摘　　要：目的基于全球疾病负担(global disease burden,GBD)2021数据库分析1990年和2021年中国结直肠癌发病和死亡的流行现状及其危险因素。方法基于GBD 2021数据库分析1990年和2021年中国结直肠癌总人群、不同性别和不同年龄组间的发病和死亡流行现状,并对结直肠癌进行危险因素归因分析。结果2021年中国结直肠癌发病率和标化发病率分别为46.27/10万和19.04/10万,较1990年分别增加了243.76%和65.13%;死亡率和标化死亡率分别为19.33/10万和13.63/10万,较1990年分别增加了90.63%和降低了12.01%。2021年中国结直肠癌发病率在85~89岁年龄组达到最高,为314.58/10万;死亡率在90~94岁年龄组达到最高,为264.87/10万。其中男性发病率和死亡率在任何年龄组都高于女性。2021年低乳制品饮食的人群归因分值最大,为18.52%,其次为低谷物饮食和高红肉饮食。男性人群归因分值在饮酒、吸烟和高空腹血糖方面高于女性,在低乳制品饮食和低钙饮食方面低于女性。中国结直肠癌标化发病率在2011年之后高于全球平均水平,标化死亡率与全球平均水平总体持平。结论1990—2021年,中国结直肠癌发病率和死亡率仍有升高趋势。这一趋势可能与饮食、体力活动不足和肥胖等可改变的危险因素有关。通过公共卫生干预措施解决这些风险因素,并加强结直肠癌筛查项目,对于减少中国结直肠癌负担具有重要意义。Objective To analyze the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in China in 1990 and 2021 and the related risk factors based on the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database.Methods The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in the overall population and different subgroups(age and sex)in China in 1990 and 2021 were analyzed based on the GBD 2021 database.A risk factor attribution analysis for colorectal cancer was performed.Results In 2021,the incidence rate and age-standardized incidence rate of colorectal cancer in China were 46.27/105 and 19.04/105,respectively,and increased by 243.76%and 65.13%,compared to those in 1990.In 2021,the mortality rate and age-standardized mortality rate were 19.33/105 and 13.63/105,respectively.The mortality rate in 2021 increased by 90.63%compared to that in 1990,while the age-standardized mortality rate decreased by 12.01%.The highest incidence rate of colorectal cancer in China in 2021 was noted in the 85-89 years age group at 314.58/105,and the highest mortality rate was in the 90-94 years age group at 264.87/105.The incidence and mortality rates of males were higher than those of females in all age groups.In 2021,the population-attributable fraction was the highest for low dairy intake at 18.52%,followed by low grain intake and high red meat intake.Among males,the population-attributable fractions for alcohol consumption,smoking,and high fasting blood glucose were significantly higher than those among females,and the population-attributable fractions for low dairy intake and low calcium intake were significantly lower than those among females.The age-standardized incidence rate of colorectal cancer in China has been higher than the global average since 2011,while the age-standardized mortality rate is on par with the global average.Conclusions From 1990 to 2021,the incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer in China have continued to rise.This trend may be related to modifiable risk factors such as diet,insufficient physical activity,and obesity.Addressi

关 键 词：结直肠癌 发病率 死亡率 危险因素 

分 类 号：R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]