御敌于先:汉代的“候骑”与军事情报思想  

Defend against the Enemy First:“Houqi”and Military Intelligence Thought in the Han Dynasty

作　　者：吴功翔 Wu Gongxiang

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院

出　　处：《孙子研究》2025年第1期53-63,共11页Sunzi Studies

摘　　要：古代骑兵作为一类极重要的军事兵种,在军事史上占有不可替代的地位。尤其在两汉时期,骑兵军制在统治者的支持下得到了巨大的发展,骑兵军制的军队构成和职能分化不断走向整合与完善。“候骑”是骑兵的一个分支,主要负责军事侦察和情报传达的军事任务,在汉代的正史典籍中常见有与其相关的文献记载,体现出“候骑”对于战争的特殊作用,也说明了中国古代军事活动对战前侦察和情报获取的重视程度,其实质则贯穿着“知彼知己,百战不殆”的军事情报学思想。考察两汉时期的“候骑”,不仅可以补充对古代侦察骑兵的相关认识,也可进一步丰富古代军事情报思想。As an extremely important military branch,ancient cavalry occupies an irreplaceable position in military history.Especially in the Han Dynasty,the cavalry system made great progress with the support of the rulers,and the army composition and functional differentiation of the cavalry system were continuously adjusted and improved.“Houqi”is a branch of cavalry,mainly responsible for military reconnaissance and intelligence transmission.There are often related documents in the official history books of the Han Dynasty,which reflects the special role of“Houqi”in war and also shows the importance of pre-war reconnaissance and intelligence acquisition in ancient Chinese military.Its essence is permeated with the military intelligence thought of“Know the enemy and know yourself;in a hundred battles,you will never be defeated.”Investigating the“Houqi”in the Han Dynasty can not only supplement the relevant understanding of ancient reconnaissance cavalry,but also further enrich the ancient military reconnaissance thought.

关 键 词：候骑 骑兵侦察 军事情报 斥候 汉朝 

分 类 号：B22[哲学宗教—中国哲学]