有毒领导行为与新护士心理脱离及现实冲击的关系研究  

Study on the relationship between toxic leadership behavior and psychological detachment and reality shock of newly graduated nurses

作　　者：谢庆玲 朱洪斌 XIE Qingling;ZHU Hongbin(Department of Nursing,The First Affiliated Hospital of ShandongFirst Medical University,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东第一医科大学第一附属医院护理部,山东济南250014

出　　处：《心理月刊》2025年第5期21-23,43,共4页

摘　　要：目的 研究新入职护士现实冲击的现状及其影响因素。方法 采用方便抽样法于2023年10月~2023年11月在济南市三所三甲医院抽取139名一线临床护士作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查问卷、心理脱离量表、有毒领导行为量表、现实冲击量表对其进行调查,应用SPSS 27.0分析数据。结果 现实冲击得分为98.14±39.91分,有毒领导行为得分为84.19±33.19分,心理脱离得分为10.29±4.48分;现实冲击在学历方面存在差异,心理脱离在婚姻状况、每月收入方面存在差异,有毒领导行为在婚姻、运动状况方面存在差异;现实冲击与有毒领导行为呈正相关(P<0.01),心理脱离与有毒领导行为、现实冲击均呈负相关(P<0.01);心理脱离在有毒领导行为与现实冲击之间起到了部分中介效应,中介效应为0.320,占总效应的27.32%。结论 新护士遭受的现实冲击、有毒领导行为和心理脱离水平均处于中等程度。经历高水平有毒领导行为的护士会遭受更严重的现实冲击,而心理脱离水平较高的护士则能减轻现实冲击和有毒领导行为的影响。心理脱离在有毒领导行为与现实冲击之间起到了部分中介效应,因此采取积极的心理脱离策略,有助于缓解有毒领导行为对新护士造成的现实冲击。同时,为新护士营造一个充满人文关怀、公平公正的工作环境,也是减轻其压力、促进其健康成长的重要措施。Objective To study the current situation and influencing factors of reality impact of new nurses.Methods From October 2023 to November 2023,139 front-line clinical nurses were selected from three first-class hospitals in Jinan City by convenient sampling method.General data questionnaire,psychological disconnection scale,toxic leadership behavior scale and reality impact scale were used to investigate them.SPS 27.0 was used to analyze the data.Results The score of reality shock was 98.14±39.91,the score of toxic leadership behavior was 84.19±33.19 and the score of psychological detachment was 10.29±4.48.Reality impact is different in education,psychological detachment is different in marital status and monthly income,toxic leadership behavior is different in marital status and sports status.Reality shock was positively correlated with toxic leadership behavior(P<0.01),while psychological detachment was negatively correlated with toxic leadership behavior and reality shock(P<0.01).Psychological disengagement has a partial mediating effect between toxic leadership behavior and reality shock,and the mediating effect is 0.320,accounting for 27.32%of the total effect.Conclusion The level of reality shock,toxic leadership behavior and psychological disengagement suffered by new nurses was in the medium level.Nurses who experienced high levels of toxic leadership behaviors suffered more severe reality shocks,while nurses with higher levels of psychological disengagement mitigated the effects of reality shocks and toxic leadership behaviors.Psychological disengagement plays a part of mediating effect between toxic leadership behaviors and real impact.Therefore,adopting positive psychological disengagement strategies can help alleviate the real impact of toxic leadership behaviors on new nurses.At the same time,creating a fair and just working environment full of humanistic care for new nurses is also an important measure to reduce their pressure and promote their healthy growth.

关 键 词：新护士 心理脱离 有毒领导行为 现实冲击 影响因素 

分 类 号：B84[哲学宗教—心理学]