逆境求生:20世纪初英国的“纯中国茶”运动  

Surviving Adversity:the“Pure Chinese Tea”Campaign in Early 20th Century Britain

作　　者：曹英[1] 刘苏华[2] CAO Ying;LIU Suhua

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院,湖南长沙410081 [2]湖南师范大学出版社,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2025年第2期60-69,共10页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：湖南省社会科学基金项目“近代中国茶叶出口贸易的转型”(21YBA056)。

摘　　要：20世纪初,华茶在英国市场处境艰难。由于印度、锡兰茶叶的激烈竞争,华茶输英数量大幅减少;同时,在印锡茶商的诋毁性宣传下,华茶背负着掺假、不洁的污名,形象大受贬损。输往英国的华茶大部分仅用于制作印锡混合茶,普通消费者很难买到纯正的中国茶。英商华茶协会作为贸易利益方之一,在英国发起了“纯中国茶”运动,宣传和推广纯正华茶。协会的主要策略是:利用医学界对华茶的称赞和提倡,不断宣传华茶的优点,在英国重建一种有利于民众健康的中国茶形象;抓住各种时机推荐饮用华茶,并努力为民众鉴别和购买纯正的中国茶提供指导与帮助;阻止对华茶的攻击、诋毁。由于印度和锡兰茶商的抵制、资金的缺乏,加之中国和国际政治形势的变化,“纯中国茶”运动只持续了短短几年时间,但它在一定程度上维护了华茶声誉,增强了英国消费者对华茶的了解与信心,改善了华茶在英国的不利处境,同时促进了中国政府对华茶出口贸易的重视与支持,推动了中国茶业的近代化改革与发展。In the early 20th century,Chinese tea faced severe challenges in the British market.Due to fierce competition from Indian and Ceylonese tea,the volume of Chinese tea exports to Britain declined sharply.At the same time,defamatory campaigns by Indian and Ceylonese tea merchants labeled Chinese tea as adulterated and unhygienic,significantly damaging its reputation.Most Chinese tea exported to Britain was used for producing Indian-Ceylonese blended tea,making it difficult for ordinary consumers to purchase pure Chinese tea.As one of the stakeholders in this trade,the China Tea Association launched the“Pure Chinese Tea”campaign to advertise and promotepure Chinese tea.The association's key strategies included:leveraging endorsements from the medical community to highlight the health benefits of Chinese tea and restore its positive image among British consumers;seizing every opportunity to encourage the consumption of Chinese tea while providing guidance on how to identify and purchase authentic Chinese tea;and countering negative publicity and attacks against Chinese tea.However,the campaign lasted only a few years due to resistance from Indian and Ceylonese tea merchants,financial constraints,and shifts in both Chinese and international political landscapes.Despite its short duration,the movement helped protect the reputation of Chinese tea,increased British consumers'awareness and confidence in Chinese tea,improved its unfavorable market position,and encouraged greater attention and support from the Chinese government for tea exports.Moreover,it contributed to the modernization and development of China's tea industry.

关 键 词：20世纪初 英商 华茶协会 “纯中国茶”运动 

分 类 号：TS9[轻工技术与工程]