“无身体的器官”何以可能——兼论齐泽克对德勒兹的批判  

How is an“Organ without a Body”Possible:Also on?i?ek's Critique of Deleuze

作　　者：孔明安 王馨雨 KONG Mingan;WANG Xinyu

机构地区：[1]南开大学马克思主义学院,天津300350

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2025年第2期86-93,共8页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“当前主要社会思潮的最新发展动态及其批判研究”(16ZDA101)。

摘　　要：德勒兹与拉康-齐泽克对精神分析的欲望概念进行了两种不同的解读。德勒兹批判拉康“以匮乏为中心”的欲望理论,关注欲望的生成性、流动性,并将在此基础上的欲望作用及其机制称为“无器官的身体”,为逃逸与游牧的自由的主体的解放提供了载体。与德勒兹相反,齐泽克基于拉康的精神分析理论提出了“无身体的器官”。他认为欲望本质上是匮乏的,欲望来自偶然性的创伤。不仅如此,齐泽克结合拉康的后期理论构建了一种具有激进解放性质的驱力主体,即歇斯底里的行动主体,并强调了冲动在颠覆资本主义现有秩序中的破坏性潜力。虽然德勒兹和齐泽克的主体理论都是围绕着欲望展开的,但二者之间存在着根本的差异:德勒兹和加塔利的欲望主体是流动性的、生产性的、自创生系统主体。齐泽克的驱力主体服从欲望的匮乏逻辑,它是冲动的、歇斯底里的,内-外悖论式的行动主体。通过比较二者围绕着主体的欲望及其冲动的差异,我们可以进一步理解二者有关资本主义体制对主体的压抑及其反抗的不同解读和理论路径,从而为当代资本主义的批判提供重要的理论参照和思考路径。Deleuze and Lacan-?i6ek offer two distinct interpretations of the psychoanalytic concept of desire.Deleuze critiques Lacan's“lack-centered”theory of desire,emphasizing its productivity and fluidity.He conceptualizes the mechanisms of desire as the“Body without Organs”,framing it as a vehicle for the liberation of nomadic subjectivity and deterritorialization.In contrast,?i6ek,building on Lacanian psychoanalysis,reinterprets the“Body without Organs”,arguing that desire is inherently structured by lack and originates from contingent trauma.Furthermore,incorporating Lacan's later theories,?i6ek constructs a radically emancipatory drive-based subject,which he terms the hysterical subject of action.He highlights the subversive potential of impulse(Trieb)and its disruptive force in challenging the capitalist symbolic order.Although both Deleuze and?i6ek center their subject theories around desire,they diverge in fundamental ways.Deleuze and Guattari's subject of desire is fluid,productive,and self-generating,while?i6ek's drive-based subject operates within the logic of lack,manifesting as impulsive,hysterical,and structured by an internal-external paradox.A comparative analysis of their differing views on desire and drive offers deeper insights into their respective critiques of capitalist repression and resistance.This study provides a theoretical reference for contemporary psychoanalytic and philosophical critiques of capitalism.

关 键 词：无器官的身体 无身体的器官 欲望 冲动 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]