当归中活性成分提取方法及药理作用的研究进展  

Progress of Extraction Methods and Pharmacological Effects of active Components in Angelica Sinensis

作　　者：王庆彦 毕映燕[2] 徐生杰 韩子豪 刘珂 WANG Qing-yan;BI Ying-yan;XU Sheng-jie;HAN Zi-hao;LIU Ke(College of Applied Chemical Engineering,Lanzhou Petrochemical University of Vocational Technology,Lanzhou 730060,China;Department of Pharmacy,Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州石化职业技术大学应用化学工程学院,甘肃兰州730060 [2]甘肃省中医院药剂科,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《化学试剂》2025年第4期43-51,共9页Chemical Reagents

基　　金：甘肃省教育厅2021年度产业支撑计划项目“新型陇药抗抑菌日化产品开发及应用”(2021CYZC-68);兰州石化职业技术大学2023年科研创新团队“绿色化工新材料科研创新团队”项目(兰石化大学校发[2023]201号)。

摘　　要：当归是传统的药食同源植物,蕴含着众多的生物活性物质与组分。当归中的活性成分包含挥发油类、有机酸类、多糖类、黄酮类以及其他元素等。当归具有广泛的药理作用,在血液系统方面,既能抗血小板聚集,又能促进造血补血;还具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗肿瘤等功效,例如阿魏酸钠可抑制血小板聚集,当归多糖能促进造血、抗氧化,蒿本内酯能抗菌等,可通过多种机制发挥对人体的保健与治疗功效。目前,当归单方药品剂型丰富,如片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、口服液、注射剂等,可满足不同患者需求。其不同部位成分和功效存在差异,如当归尾,侧重于活血;当归身,侧重养血等。当归的生物活性成分常见的提取方法包括传统的溶剂提取法、水蒸气蒸馏法,以及新兴的超声辅助提取技术、微波辅助提取技术、红外辐射提取技术、CO_(2)超临界萃取技术等。针对不同提取方法的实例予以分析,就当归中活性成分及提取方法、药理作用的研究进展及未来提取技术展望和临床应用拓展展开综述,旨在为当归提取工艺的抉择和优化提供全面的参照,为该药材的进一步深入研究和临床应用奠定基础。Angelica sinensis is a traditional medicinal and food homologous plant,which contains numerous bioactive substances and components.The active components in angelica sinensis include volatile oils,organic acids,polysaccharides,flavonoids and other elements.Angelica has a wide range of pharmacological effects,such as anti-thrombosis in the blood system,hematopoietic and supplemental function,good effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular.In addition,angelica possessed anti-oxidation,antibacterial,anti-tumor,treatment of Alzheimer′s disease,liver protection,anti-inflammatory analgesia and other effects.In brief,angelica can prevent and treat related diseases for human.Currently,diverse drug forms(including tablets,hard capsules,pills,oral liquids,injection,etc.)could satisfy the needs of different patients.For different parts of angelica,differences in the components and effects could be observed;for example,angelica tail focuses on promoting blood activating,while its body focuses on blood nourishing,etc.Nowadays,the methods for angelica′s bioactive ingredient extraction are diverse.Traditional methods include solvent extraction and water vapor distillation.Emerging technologies include enzyme decomposition,ultrasound assisted extraction,microwave assisted extraction,infrared assisted extraction,and supercritical fluid extraction.The examples of different extraction methods was analyzed and provided a comprehensive reference for the selection and optimization of angelica extraction process.Furthermore,different extraction methods and progress of pharmacologic action for angelica were reviewed and outlooked,and finally aimed at laying the foundations for its further investigation and clinical application.

关 键 词：当归 生物活性成分 提取方法 药理作用 临床应用 

分 类 号：S853.75[农业科学—临床兽医学] O657[农业科学—兽医学]