亨利·詹姆斯《使节》的反写与拓展:辛西娅·奥兹克小说《异物》的旅行叙事与犹太性  

Re-writing and development of Henry James' The Ambassadors:On the travel narrative and Jewishness in Cynthia Ozick's Foreign Bodies

作　　者：田俊武[1] TIAN Junwu(School of Foreign Languages,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学,北京市100191

出　　处：《外文研究》2025年第2期50-56,107,F0003,共9页Foreign Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“英国旅行文学史”(22&ZD288);国家社会科学基金项目“英国旅行文学史”(22BWW056)。

摘　　要：辛西娅·奥兹克的长篇小说《异物》因被认为是对亨利·詹姆斯《使节》旅欧叙事和“国际主题”的单纯反写而受到学界忽视。事实上,尽管两部小说都再现了主人公奉命出使巴黎并挽救那些自我放逐者的故事,但两部小说的主题和叙事并不完全相同,这从奥兹克将詹姆斯小说中的男主人公反写成为一个犹太女性这一人物变动中可见一斑。《使节》旨在表现以巴黎为代表的古老欧洲胜于年轻肤浅的美国,而《异物》除了反向揭示“二战”后的美国在物质文化氛围方面优于法国之外,还特别表现了犹太性的失落和回归以及犹太女性的精神独立等。这种双重书写,既反映了美国犹太文学在表现旅行叙事方面与美国主流文学具有同构性,又折射出犹太文化和性别的独特性。Foreign Bodies,a novel by Cynthia Ozick,was ignored by critics because of the allegation that it was a mere rewriting of Henry James The Ambassadors.As a matter of fact,although the two novels both represent the plots in which protagonists make“ambassadorial”travels to France to bring the exiles back to America,they are fundamentally different in theme and narrative,which can be seen from the fact that Ozick rewrites the Jamesian male protagonist into a Jewish woman.In addition to reversely representing that America in post-World War II is materially and culturally superior to Paris,which is totally different from James assertion that the ancient Europe represented by France was superior to the young and shallow America,The Foreign Bodies particularly explicates the themes of loss and return of Jewishness as well as the independence of Jewish women.This double narrative,not only indicates that American Jewish literature is isomorphic to the mainstream American literature in expressing travel narrative,but also reflects the characteristics of Jewishness and Jewish gender culture.

关 键 词：辛西娅·奥兹克 亨利·詹姆斯 使节 异物 旅行叙事 犹太性 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]