自动驾驶监管沙盒的应用探索与法律建构  

Regulatory Sandbox for Autonomous Driving:Application Exploration and Legal Construction

作　　者：丁芝华 DING Zhi-hua(Research Office of Policy and Regulation,China Academy of Transportation Sciences,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部科学研究院政策法规研究室,北京100029

出　　处：《北京交通大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期122-133,共12页Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“新兴技术监管豁免制度研究”(24BFX040)。

摘　　要：自动驾驶的发展给机动车辆监管带来了前所未有的挑战,迫切需要进行监管创新。新加坡、韩国等国家和我国台湾地区将兴起于金融科技监管领域中的监管沙盒引入到自动驾驶监管中,通过立法构建了自动驾驶监管沙盒,为自动驾驶的发展提供了宽松、安全、法治的外部环境。设计用来排除影响自动驾驶发展和应用的诸多法律障碍的法律豁免机制构成了自动驾驶监管沙盒的法律内核。与其运行环节相对应,自动驾驶监管沙盒的制度体系主要由沙盒准入制度、道路测试和应用实施制度与沙盒退出制度组成。当前,鉴于机动车辆监管体制的复杂性和自动驾驶发展形势的需要,我国也亟需借鉴前述国家和地区的做法,启动国家层面的自动驾驶专门立法,着力推行监管思想和范式的创新,加快构建自动驾驶监管沙盒。The development of autonomous vehicles has brought unprecedented challenges to the regulation of motor vehicles in various countries and regions,making regulatory innovation an urgent necessity.Countries such as Singapore and the Republic of Korea,as well as Taiwan region of China,by introducing the regulatory sandbox that originated in the Fintech regulation field into the regulation of autonomous driving,have established regulatory sandbox for autonomous vehicles through experimental legislations,providing a relaxed,secure and law-based external environment for the development of autonomous driving.The legal exemption mechanism designed to remove many legal obstacles to the development and use of autonomous vehicles constitutes the legal core of regulatory sandbox for autonomous vehicles.Corresponding to its operation phase,the institutional system of regulatory sandbox for autonomous vehicles mainly consists of sandbox access institution,road testing and application implementation institution,and sandbox exit institution.Given the complexity of the motor vehicle regulatory system and the needs of the development of autonomous driving at present,it is also urgent for China to draw on the practices of these countries and regions,initiate special legislation on autonomous driving at the national level,focus on promoting the innovation of regulatory concepts and paradigms,and accelerate the construction of an autonomous driving regulatory sandbox.

关 键 词：自动驾驶 监管创新 监管沙盒 法律豁免 法律建构 

分 类 号：D922.14[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] U491[政治法律—法学]