流体势能视角下科学体系中的学科地位分析  

Analysis of the Status of Disciplines in the Scientific System from the Perspective of Fluid Potential Energy

作　　者：李长玲[1] 徐卫杰 高峰 王浩[1] 翟智慧 王庆华 Li Changling;Xu Weijie;Gao Feng;Wang Hao;Zhai Zhihui;Wang Qinghua(School of Information Management,Shandong University of Technology,Shandong Zibo 255049;Zibo Development Research Institute,Shandong University of Technology,Shandong Zibo 255049)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学信息管理学院,山东淄博255049 [2]山东理工大学淄博发展研究院,山东淄博255049

出　　处：《情报理论与实践》2025年第4期80-88,共9页Information Studies:Theory & Application

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“跨学科知识流动中学科势能动能对学科发展的影响研究”的成果,项目编号:23BTQ053。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]在多学科交叉融合的时代背景下,分析各学科在科学体系中的地位,有利于把握学科发展现状,稳步推进科学发展总体布局。[方法/过程]跨学科引文网络中的知识流动类似于理想流体的流动——由势能高处向低处流动,促进低势能学科的势能增加、学科发展。文章基于跨学科文献间的引用/被引关系,借鉴流体力学势能定理,构建学科势能模型,以98个学科的30年引文数据开展实证研究,根据模型计算结果绘制每10年一个阶段的3个不同时期科学体系引文势能网络,分析各学科知识流动现状、地位演化情况。[结果/结论]宏观上,科学体系中学科交流越来越密切,社会科学学科地位越来越高;中观上,98个学科交流聚类形成的跨学科知识交流群体由初期的6个融合至近期的4个;微观上,环境科学与工程、农业工程和工商管理学一直在引文势能网络中占据显要地位,近期马克思主义理论、地理学、理论经济学的地位呈明显上升趋势。[Purpose/significance]In the era of multidisciplinary integration,analyzing the status of each discipline in the scientific system is not only conducive to grasping the current status of disciplinary development but also advancing the overall layout of scientific development steadily.[Method/process]The knowledge flow in interdisciplinary citation network is similar to the flow of an ideal fluid:it flows from areas with high potential energy to areas with low potential energy,promoting the increase of potential energy and the development of low-potential energy disciplines.Based on the mutual relationship between interdisciplinary literature,this paper draws on the potential energy theorem of fluid mechanics to construct a disciplinary potential energy model.Empirical research was conducted using 30-year citation data from 98 disciplines.Based on the calculation results of the model,citation potential energy networks of the scientific system in three different periods of each decade were drawn to analyze the current status of knowledge flow and status evolution of each discipline.[Result/conclusion]At the macro level,the exchange between disciplines in the scientific system is becoming increasingly close,and the status of social science disciplines is getting higher and higher.At the meso level,the interdisciplinary knowledge exchange groups formed by the 98 disciplinary exchange clusters have merged from initial 6 to the recent 4.At the micro level,environmental science and engineering,agricultural engineering and business administration have always occupied a prominent position in the citation potential network.Recently,the status of Marxist theory,geography,and theoretical economics has shown a clear upward trend.

关 键 词：学科势能 跨学科知识流动 学科地位 引文分析 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]